{"schema_version":2,"canonical_url":"https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/275/10/#05-overview-and-background","source":"FASB Accounting Standards Codification, Basic View","usage":"Study and research edition. Verify current requirements with the official source. Summaries, enrichment, and tags are machine-generated study aids. Paragraph html preserves source markup; snippet is abbreviated. Pending content is not necessarily effective.","topic":"275","topic_title":"Risks and Uncertainties","subtopic":"275-10","subtopic_title":"Overall","section":{"number":"05","label":"05 Overview and Background","anchor":"05-overview-and-background","is_sec":false,"groups":[{"block":null,"heading":null,"paragraphs":[{"citation":"275-10-05-1","para":"05-1","html":"<div class=\"asc-body\"><div class=\"norm-text\"> <span class=\"sfragment\" id=\"sfr_8317AA20-6E93-1014-A13F-6E4B94C84136\"><span class=\"sfragment-source\">Financial statements provide information about certain current conditions and trends that help users in predicting reporting entities' future cash flows and results of operations. The quality of users' predictions depends to a significant degree on their assessment of the risks and uncertainties inherent in entities' operations and of the information about those operations that financial reporting provides. </span></span> </div> </div>","snippet":"Financial statements provide information about certain current conditions and trends that help users in predicting reporting entities' future cash flows and results of operations. The quality of users' predictions depend…","pending":false,"provenance":{"source_url":"https://asc.fasb.org/","snapshot_version":"sha256:15aea8165dff9f5ae47d9484f8470588b13b307f56e1d50801bf4d85ec190e3f","record_version":"sha256:9de29fa776874a3419669f5eff541b3e775b72f69ed22ad2e82644223a08d83c","downloaded_from":"2026-09-09T23:21:58.399Z","last_downloaded_at":"2026-09-09T23:21:58.399Z","date_scope":"source_page","effective_as_of":null,"effective_as_of_status":"Not established by retrieval timestamps","source_key":"1943274/2147482764","source_sha256":"14f2c2311d4f0b677756f5850a5b537f720baf9b1540dfca8bf646878aadcb0e"}},{"citation":"275-10-05-2","para":"05-2","html":"<div class=\"asc-body\"><div class=\"norm-text\"> <span class=\"sfragment\" id=\"sfr_8317ABA3-6E93-1014-A13F-6E4B94C84136\"><span class=\"sfragment-source\">The central feature of this Subtopic's disclosure requirements is selectivity: specified criteria serve to screen the host of risks and uncertainties that affect every entity so that required disclosures are limited to matters significant to a particular entity. </span></span> <span class=\"sfragment\" id=\"sfr_8317ACF9-6E93-1014-A13F-6E4B94C84136\"><span class=\"sfragment-source\">The disclosures focus primarily on risks and uncertainties that could significantly affect the amounts reported in the financial statements in the <a href=\"/glossary/n/#near-term\" class=\"term\" title=\"A period of time not to exceed one year from the date of the financial statements.\"><span>near term</span></a> or the near-term functioning of the reporting entity. The risks and uncertainties this Subtopic addresses can stem from any of the following: </span></span> <ol class=\"ol-norm\"> <li class=\"li-norm\"><span class=\"linum\">a</span> <div class=\"p\"> <span class=\"sfragment\" id=\"sfr_8317AE35-6E93-1014-A13F-6E4B94C84136\"><span class=\"sfragment-source\">The nature of the entity's operations, </span></span> <span class=\"sfragment\" id=\"sfr_8317AF69-6E93-1014-A13F-6E4B94C84136\"><span class=\"sfragment-source\">including the activities in which the entity is currently engaged if principal operations have not commenced</span></span> </div> </li> <li class=\"li-norm\"><span class=\"linum\">b</span> <div class=\"p\"> <span class=\"sfragment\" id=\"sfr_8317B0AB-6E93-1014-A13F-6E4B94C84136\"><span class=\"sfragment-source\">The use of estimates in the preparation of the entity's financial statements </span></span> </div> </li> <li class=\"li-norm\"><span class=\"linum\">c</span> <div class=\"p\"> <span class=\"sfragment\" id=\"sfr_8317B1F7-6E93-1014-A13F-6E4B94C84136\"><span class=\"sfragment-source\">Significant concentrations in certain aspects of the entity's operations. </span></span> </div> </li> </ol> </div> </div>","snippet":"The central feature of this Subtopic's disclosure requirements is selectivity: specified criteria serve to screen the host of risks and uncertainties that affect every entity so that required disclosures are limited to m…","pending":false,"provenance":{"source_url":"https://asc.fasb.org/","snapshot_version":"sha256:15aea8165dff9f5ae47d9484f8470588b13b307f56e1d50801bf4d85ec190e3f","record_version":"sha256:39114595033e7cb81e272abbc4545a045c50365fba2b15454042114dee6d8145","downloaded_from":"2026-09-09T23:21:58.399Z","last_downloaded_at":"2026-09-09T23:21:58.399Z","date_scope":"source_page","effective_as_of":null,"effective_as_of_status":"Not established by retrieval timestamps","source_key":"1943274/2147482764","source_sha256":"14f2c2311d4f0b677756f5850a5b537f720baf9b1540dfca8bf646878aadcb0e"}},{"citation":"275-10-05-3","para":"05-3","html":"<div class=\"asc-body\"><div class=\"norm-text\"> <span class=\"sfragment\" id=\"sfr_8317B308-6E93-1014-A13F-6E4B94C84136\"><span class=\"sfragment-source\">This Subtopic does not prohibit disclosure of matters it does not require to be disclosed either because they do not meet the specified screening criteria or because they relate to risks and uncertainties that are outside the scope of this Subtopic. </span></span> </div> </div>","snippet":"This Subtopic does not prohibit disclosure of matters it does not require to be disclosed either because they do not meet the specified screening criteria or because they relate to risks and uncertainties that are outsid…","pending":false,"provenance":{"source_url":"https://asc.fasb.org/","snapshot_version":"sha256:15aea8165dff9f5ae47d9484f8470588b13b307f56e1d50801bf4d85ec190e3f","record_version":"sha256:c811b5fb2f12a0e1379c1644019cf921ff9941e033c0a6b1da2c87156eec6191","downloaded_from":"2026-09-09T23:21:58.399Z","last_downloaded_at":"2026-09-09T23:21:58.399Z","date_scope":"source_page","effective_as_of":null,"effective_as_of_status":"Not established by retrieval timestamps","source_key":"1943274/2147482764","source_sha256":"14f2c2311d4f0b677756f5850a5b537f720baf9b1540dfca8bf646878aadcb0e"}}],"provenance":{"source_url":"https://asc.fasb.org/","snapshot_version":"sha256:15aea8165dff9f5ae47d9484f8470588b13b307f56e1d50801bf4d85ec190e3f","record_version":"sha256:5b5bbece20159d368f0af087d9e628531dedf29ed41b8d9bc63774aad470f8ec","downloaded_from":"2026-09-09T23:21:58.399Z","last_downloaded_at":"2026-09-09T23:21:58.399Z","date_scope":"source_page","effective_as_of":null,"effective_as_of_status":"Not established by retrieval timestamps","source_key":"1943274/2147482764","source_sha256":"14f2c2311d4f0b677756f5850a5b537f720baf9b1540dfca8bf646878aadcb0e"}},{"block":null,"heading":"Nature of Operations","paragraphs":[{"citation":"275-10-05-4","para":"05-4","html":"<div class=\"asc-body\"><div class=\"norm-text\"> <span class=\"sfragment\" id=\"sfr_8317B3ED-6E93-1014-A13F-6E4B94C84136\"><span class=\"sfragment-source\">Disclosure of the locations of a business entity's or not-for-profit entity's (NFP's) principal markets provides information useful in assessing risks and uncertainties related to the environments in which the entity operates. The risks and the uncertainties associated with selling products and services in various regions in the United States may differ significantly. And they do differ significantly from the risks and the uncertainties in selling products and services outside the United States. </span></span> <span class=\"sfragment\" id=\"sfr_8317B4C6-6E93-1014-A13F-6E4B94C84136\"><span class=\"sfragment-source\"> Knowing those environments in which an entity sells its products or provides services helps users of financial statements to assess certain risks based on day-to-day national and world events. </span></span> </div> </div>","snippet":"Disclosure of the locations of a business entity's or not-for-profit entity's (NFP's) principal markets provides information useful in assessing risks and uncertainties related to the environments in which the entity ope…","pending":false,"provenance":{"source_url":"https://asc.fasb.org/","snapshot_version":"sha256:15aea8165dff9f5ae47d9484f8470588b13b307f56e1d50801bf4d85ec190e3f","record_version":"sha256:d428de789b7e0e039832da68294feea7110b03cfe53cfc3dd1a8c8b727173deb","downloaded_from":"2026-09-09T23:21:58.399Z","last_downloaded_at":"2026-09-09T23:21:58.399Z","date_scope":"source_page","effective_as_of":null,"effective_as_of_status":"Not established by retrieval timestamps","source_key":"1943274/2147482764","source_sha256":"14f2c2311d4f0b677756f5850a5b537f720baf9b1540dfca8bf646878aadcb0e"}},{"citation":"275-10-05-5","para":"05-5","html":"<div class=\"asc-body\"><div class=\"norm-text\"> <span class=\"sfragment\" id=\"sfr_8317B59B-6E93-1014-A13F-6E4B94C84136\"><span class=\"sfragment-source\">Information about the nature of operations is helpful because the various kinds of businesses in which reporting entities operate have diverse degrees and kinds of risks. Certain of these risks are inherent to the business in which an entity is engaged. By knowing the nature of an entity's business and the principal markets for its products or services, a financial statement user is alerted, indirectly, about the risks common to that business. </span></span> </div> </div>","snippet":"Information about the nature of operations is helpful because the various kinds of businesses in which reporting entities operate have diverse degrees and kinds of risks. Certain of these risks are inherent to the busine…","pending":false,"provenance":{"source_url":"https://asc.fasb.org/","snapshot_version":"sha256:15aea8165dff9f5ae47d9484f8470588b13b307f56e1d50801bf4d85ec190e3f","record_version":"sha256:ae042b769a1a5369838b2b537fd5feb6f422cefd58ca50d0822a939749bf4561","downloaded_from":"2026-09-09T23:21:58.399Z","last_downloaded_at":"2026-09-09T23:21:58.399Z","date_scope":"source_page","effective_as_of":null,"effective_as_of_status":"Not established by retrieval timestamps","source_key":"1943274/2147482764","source_sha256":"14f2c2311d4f0b677756f5850a5b537f720baf9b1540dfca8bf646878aadcb0e"}}],"provenance":{"source_url":"https://asc.fasb.org/","snapshot_version":"sha256:15aea8165dff9f5ae47d9484f8470588b13b307f56e1d50801bf4d85ec190e3f","record_version":"sha256:3d17ee5b3489be038a44457ff7337cd30725c97bec6818a6a9e75d5db691dab1","downloaded_from":"2026-09-09T23:21:58.399Z","last_downloaded_at":"2026-09-09T23:21:58.399Z","date_scope":"source_page","effective_as_of":null,"effective_as_of_status":"Not established by retrieval timestamps","source_key":"1943274/2147482764","source_sha256":"14f2c2311d4f0b677756f5850a5b537f720baf9b1540dfca8bf646878aadcb0e"}},{"block":null,"heading":"Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements","paragraphs":[{"citation":"275-10-05-6","para":"05-6","html":"<div class=\"asc-body\"><div class=\"norm-text\"> <span class=\"sfragment\" id=\"sfr_8317B675-6E93-1014-A13F-6E4B94C84136\"><span class=\"sfragment-source\">There is a need to communicate explicitly to users of financial reports that the inescapable use of estimates in the preparation of financial information, including the estimation of <a href=\"/glossary/f/#fair-value\" class=\"term\" title=\"The price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.\"><span>fair values</span></a> for assets carried at such a basis, results in the reporting of values that are approximations rather than exact amounts. If users understand better the inherent limitations on precision in financial statements, they will be better able to make decisions. </span></span> </div> </div>","snippet":"There is a need to communicate explicitly to users of financial reports that the inescapable use of estimates in the preparation of financial information, including the estimation of fair values for assets carried at suc…","pending":false,"provenance":{"source_url":"https://asc.fasb.org/","snapshot_version":"sha256:15aea8165dff9f5ae47d9484f8470588b13b307f56e1d50801bf4d85ec190e3f","record_version":"sha256:27cd1a63d99e3af787e6ee6a3e73ca4837b0264b9841d90547ef0ae07de223f8","downloaded_from":"2026-09-09T23:21:58.399Z","last_downloaded_at":"2026-09-09T23:21:58.399Z","date_scope":"source_page","effective_as_of":null,"effective_as_of_status":"Not established by retrieval timestamps","source_key":"1943274/2147482764","source_sha256":"14f2c2311d4f0b677756f5850a5b537f720baf9b1540dfca8bf646878aadcb0e"}},{"citation":"275-10-05-7","para":"05-7","html":"<div class=\"asc-body\"><div class=\"norm-text\"> <span class=\"sfragment\" id=\"sfr_8317B747-6E93-1014-A13F-6E4B94C84136\"><span class=\"sfragment-source\">Estimates inherent in the current financial reporting process inevitably involve assumptions about future events. </span></span> <span class=\"sfragment\" id=\"sfr_8317B817-6E93-1014-A13F-6E4B94C84136\"><span class=\"sfragment-source\">For example, estimating and constraining estimates of variable consideration to be included in the <a href=\"/glossary/t/#transaction-price\" class=\"term\" title=\"The amount of consideration to which an entity expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring promised goods or services to a customer, excluding amounts collected on behalf of third parties.\"><span>transaction price</span></a> for a <a href=\"/glossary/c/#contract\" class=\"term\" title=\"An agreement between two or more parties that creates enforceable rights and obligations.\"><span>contract</span></a> with a <a href=\"/glossary/c/#customer\" class=\"term\" title=\"A party that has contracted with an entity to obtain goods or services that are an output of the entity's ordinary activities in exchange for consideration.\"><span>customer</span></a> in accordance with paragraphs <div class=\"xref-range displayInline\"><a href=\"/asc/606/10/#606-10-32-5\" class=\"xref\">606-10-32-5 through 32-14</a></div> and measuring progress toward complete satisfaction of a <a href=\"/glossary/p/#performance-obligation\" class=\"term\" title=\"A promise in a contract with a customer to transfer to the customer either: A good or service (or a bundle of goods or services) that is distinct A series of distinct goods or services that are substantially the same and that have the same pattern of transfer to the customer.\"><span>performance obligation</span></a> in accordance with paragraphs <div class=\"xref-range displayInline\"><a href=\"/asc/606/10/#606-10-25-31\" class=\"xref\">606-10-25-31 through 25-37</a></div>. </span></span> <span class=\"sfragment\" id=\"sfr_8317B906-6E93-1014-A13F-6E4B94C84136\"><span class=\"sfragment-source\">For another example, carrying inventories measured using first-in, first-out (FIFO) at the lower of cost and <a href=\"/glossary/n/#net-realizable-value\" class=\"term\" title=\"Estimated selling prices in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal, and transportation.\"><span>net realizable value</span></a> is based on an assumption that there will be sufficient demand for that product in the future to be able to sell the quantity on hand without incurring losses on the sales or, if net realizable value is used, that it can be estimated. Making reliable estimates for those matters is often difficult even in periods of economic stability; it is more so in periods of economic volatility. Although many users of financial statements are aware of that aspect of financial reporting, others often assume an unwarranted degree of reliability in financial statements. The disclosure required by this Subtopic should help dispel any of those erroneous assumptions. </span></span> </div> </div>","snippet":"Estimates inherent in the current financial reporting process inevitably involve assumptions about future events. For example, estimating and constraining estimates of variable consideration to be included in the transac…","pending":false,"provenance":{"source_url":"https://asc.fasb.org/","snapshot_version":"sha256:15aea8165dff9f5ae47d9484f8470588b13b307f56e1d50801bf4d85ec190e3f","record_version":"sha256:5e669d1ec2c6e2b8438fc62daa56305a8cb4e9dd402eb8e96b0b542ca72fbfd9","downloaded_from":"2026-09-09T23:21:58.399Z","last_downloaded_at":"2026-09-09T23:21:58.399Z","date_scope":"source_page","effective_as_of":null,"effective_as_of_status":"Not established by retrieval timestamps","source_key":"1943274/2147482764","source_sha256":"14f2c2311d4f0b677756f5850a5b537f720baf9b1540dfca8bf646878aadcb0e"}}],"provenance":{"source_url":"https://asc.fasb.org/","snapshot_version":"sha256:15aea8165dff9f5ae47d9484f8470588b13b307f56e1d50801bf4d85ec190e3f","record_version":"sha256:b9e187983319d1474b87ace18e02ec921bb2bfb75cb4ca9ef8ad9e6dd9fc12b5","downloaded_from":"2026-09-09T23:21:58.399Z","last_downloaded_at":"2026-09-09T23:21:58.399Z","date_scope":"source_page","effective_as_of":null,"effective_as_of_status":"Not established by retrieval timestamps","source_key":"1943274/2147482764","source_sha256":"14f2c2311d4f0b677756f5850a5b537f720baf9b1540dfca8bf646878aadcb0e"}},{"block":null,"heading":"Current Vulnerability Due to Certain Concentrations","paragraphs":[{"citation":"275-10-05-8","para":"05-8","html":"<div class=\"asc-body\"><div class=\"norm-text\"> <span class=\"sfragment\" id=\"sfr_8317B9E0-6E93-1014-A13F-6E4B94C84136\"><span class=\"sfragment-source\"> This Subtopic provides guidance on disclosure of current vulnerability due to certain concentrations but stops short of requiring disclosure of all concentrations. </span></span> </div> </div>","snippet":"This Subtopic provides guidance on disclosure of current vulnerability due to certain concentrations but stops short of requiring disclosure of all concentrations.","pending":false,"provenance":{"source_url":"https://asc.fasb.org/","snapshot_version":"sha256:15aea8165dff9f5ae47d9484f8470588b13b307f56e1d50801bf4d85ec190e3f","record_version":"sha256:675a12bb7ae5dedecf3c7a5808baafd7e2ee07502520da028e7874148ef47c06","downloaded_from":"2026-09-09T23:21:58.399Z","last_downloaded_at":"2026-09-09T23:21:58.399Z","date_scope":"source_page","effective_as_of":null,"effective_as_of_status":"Not established by retrieval timestamps","source_key":"1943274/2147482764","source_sha256":"14f2c2311d4f0b677756f5850a5b537f720baf9b1540dfca8bf646878aadcb0e"}}],"provenance":{"source_url":"https://asc.fasb.org/","snapshot_version":"sha256:15aea8165dff9f5ae47d9484f8470588b13b307f56e1d50801bf4d85ec190e3f","record_version":"sha256:99adb691cc09c1472747a20ea59bcb1f25a1425faf5e682a3d520b754ae94ec8","downloaded_from":"2026-09-09T23:21:58.399Z","last_downloaded_at":"2026-09-09T23:21:58.399Z","date_scope":"source_page","effective_as_of":null,"effective_as_of_status":"Not established by retrieval timestamps","source_key":"1943274/2147482764","source_sha256":"14f2c2311d4f0b677756f5850a5b537f720baf9b1540dfca8bf646878aadcb0e"}}],"provenance":{"source_url":"https://asc.fasb.org/","snapshot_version":"sha256:15aea8165dff9f5ae47d9484f8470588b13b307f56e1d50801bf4d85ec190e3f","record_version":"sha256:f2e4f28bd235f22a7cd1b48c191c6e19eddfc4db45abdfc6dffeb71e066d3096","downloaded_from":"2026-09-09T23:21:58.399Z","last_downloaded_at":"2026-09-09T23:21:58.399Z","date_scope":"source_page","effective_as_of":null,"effective_as_of_status":"Not established by retrieval timestamps","source_key":"1943274/2147482764","source_sha256":"14f2c2311d4f0b677756f5850a5b537f720baf9b1540dfca8bf646878aadcb0e"}},"provenance":{"source_url":"https://asc.fasb.org/","snapshot_version":"sha256:15aea8165dff9f5ae47d9484f8470588b13b307f56e1d50801bf4d85ec190e3f","record_version":"sha256:f2e4f28bd235f22a7cd1b48c191c6e19eddfc4db45abdfc6dffeb71e066d3096","downloaded_from":"2026-09-09T23:21:58.399Z","last_downloaded_at":"2026-09-09T23:21:58.399Z","date_scope":"source_page","effective_as_of":null,"effective_as_of_status":"Not established by retrieval timestamps","source_key":"1943274/2147482764","source_sha256":"14f2c2311d4f0b677756f5850a5b537f720baf9b1540dfca8bf646878aadcb0e"}}