# ASC 310-954: Receivables — Health Care Entities

Source: FASB Accounting Standards Codification, Basic View

[Read online](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/310/954/)

Study and research edition. Verify current requirements with the official source. Summaries, enrichment, and tags are machine-generated study aids. Paragraph html preserves source markup; snippet is abbreviated. Pending content is not necessarily effective.

Tables and mathematical or amendment markup are retained as HTML where Markdown would lose structure.

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## ASC 310-954: Receivables — Health Care Entities

### Machine-generated study aids

```json
{
  "summary": "ASC 310-954 governs how health care entities recognize, measure, present, and disclose receivables, principally amounts due from patients and third-party payors (Blue Cross, Medicare, Medicaid, HMOs, workers' compensation). Contractual adjustments and discounts are treated as variable consideration under ASC 606 (606-10-32-5 through 32-14 and 32-42 through 32-45), while an allowance for credit losses is measured under Topic 326. Charity care is never recognized as a receivable, and amounts due from third-party payors for retroactive adjustments such as final settlements or appeals must be reported separately.",
  "key_points": [
    "Charity care does not qualify for recognition as a receivable (310-954-25-1), while uncollected premiums and amounts recoverable from stop-loss insurers, net of appropriate valuation allowances, are included in receivables (310-954-25-2).",
    "Contractual adjustments and discounts are variable consideration measured initially and subsequently under 606-10-32-5 through 32-14 and 606-10-32-42 through 32-45 (310-954-30-1; 310-954-35-1).",
    "An allowance for credit losses is recorded and subsequently measured under Topic 326 (310-954-30-1; 310-954-35-1).",
    "Loans or advances to a related entity are recorded as a receivable/payable if repayment is reasonably assured (310-954-25-3); if repayment will not occur or the related entity is perceived unable to repay, the write-off may be recognized as an equity transfer, reducing the transferor's net assets and increasing the transferee's (310-954-40-1).",
    "Receivables are reported net of an allowance for doubtful accounts, but amounts due from third-party payors for retroactive adjustments such as final settlements or appeals must be reported separately (310-954-45-1).",
    "Estimated amounts receivable relating to contractual adjustments and third-party settlements must be identified and explained in the disclosures (310-954-50-1).",
    "Under Section 825-10-50, concentrations of credit risk must be disclosed, including the primary geographic sources of patients, an issue more acute for standalone facility statements than for consolidated system statements (310-954-50-2)."
  ],
  "categories": [
    "Recognition",
    "Initial measurement",
    "Presentation",
    "Industry-specific"
  ],
  "audience_level": "intermediate",
  "student_note": "The key exam trap is treating contractual adjustments as bad debt: after ASU 2014-09, price concessions and contractual allowances are variable consideration that reduces the transaction price under Topic 606, whereas only true credit deterioration goes through the Topic 326 credit loss allowance. Also remember charity care never becomes a receivable, and retroactive third-party settlements must be shown separately on the face of the statements.",
  "related_topics": [
    "606-10",
    "326",
    "954-10",
    "954-605",
    "954-720",
    "825-10"
  ],
  "key_concepts": [
    "third-party payor receivables",
    "contractual adjustments and discounts",
    "variable consideration",
    "charity care",
    "retrospective rate settlements",
    "stop-loss insurance recoverable",
    "allowance for credit losses",
    "concentration of credit risk"
  ]
}
```

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## ASC 310-954-00: 00 Status

[Read section](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/310/954/#00-status)

SEC content: no

##### [310-954-00-1](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/310/954/#310-954-00-1)

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The following table identifies the changes made to this Subtopic.

<table class="asc-table" id="SL9156549-165477"><tbody><tr><td class="entry"><strong class="ph b">Paragraph</strong></td><td class="entry"><strong class="ph b">Action</strong></td><td class="entry"><strong class="ph b">Accounting Standards Update</strong></td><td class="entry"><strong class="ph b">Date</strong></td></tr><tr><td class="entry"></td><td class="entry"></td><td class="entry"></td><td class="entry"></td></tr><tr><td class="entry"><a href="https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/glossary/c/#contract-asset" class="term" title="An entity's right to consideration in exchange for goods or services that the entity has transferred to a customer when that right is conditioned on something other than the passage of time (for example, the entity's future performance)."><span>Contract Asset</span></a></td><td class="entry">Added</td><td class="entry"><a href="https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/updates/asu-2014-09/" class="xref">Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09</a></td><td class="entry">05/28/2014</td></tr><tr><td class="entry"><a href="https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/glossary/c/#contract-liability" class="term" title="An entity's obligation to transfer goods or services to a customer for which the entity has received consideration (or the amount is due) from the customer."><span>Contract Liability</span></a></td><td class="entry">Added</td><td class="entry"><a href="https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/updates/asu-2014-09/" class="xref">Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09</a></td><td class="entry">05/28/2014</td></tr><tr><td class="entry"></td><td class="entry"></td><td class="entry"></td><td class="entry"></td></tr><tr><td class="entry"><a href="https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/310/954/#310-954-05-2" class="xref">954-310-05-2</a></td><td class="entry">Amended</td><td class="entry"><a href="https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/updates/asu-2014-09/" class="xref">Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09</a></td><td class="entry">05/28/2014</td></tr><tr><td class="entry"><a href="https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/310/954/#310-954-05-3" class="xref">954-310-05-3</a></td><td class="entry">Amended</td><td class="entry"><a href="https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/updates/asu-2014-09/" class="xref">Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09</a></td><td class="entry">05/28/2014</td></tr><tr><td class="entry"><a href="https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/310/954/#310-954-25-1" class="xref">954-310-25-1</a></td><td class="entry">Amended</td><td class="entry"><a href="https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/updates/asu-2014-09/" class="xref">Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09</a></td><td class="entry">05/28/2014</td></tr><tr><td class="entry"><a href="https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/310/954/#310-954-30-1" class="xref">954-310-30-1</a></td><td class="entry">Amended</td><td class="entry"><a href="https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/updates/asu-2016-13/" class="xref">Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-13</a></td><td class="entry">06/16/2016</td></tr><tr><td class="entry"><a href="https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/310/954/#310-954-30-1" class="xref">954-310-30-1</a></td><td class="entry">Amended</td><td class="entry"><a href="https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/updates/asu-2014-09/" class="xref">Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09</a></td><td class="entry">05/28/2014</td></tr><tr><td class="entry"><a href="https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/310/954/#310-954-35-1" class="xref">954-310-35-1</a></td><td class="entry">Amended</td><td class="entry"><a href="https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/updates/asu-2016-13/" class="xref">Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-13</a></td><td class="entry">06/16/2016</td></tr><tr><td class="entry"><a href="https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/310/954/#310-954-35-1" class="xref">954-310-35-1</a></td><td class="entry">Amended</td><td class="entry"><a href="https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/updates/asu-2014-09/" class="xref">Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09</a></td><td class="entry">05/28/2014</td></tr><tr><td class="entry"><a href="https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/310/954/#310-954-45-1" class="xref">954-310-45-1</a></td><td class="entry">Amended</td><td class="entry"><a href="https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/updates/asu-2014-09/" class="xref">Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09</a></td><td class="entry">05/28/2014</td></tr><tr><td class="entry"><a href="https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/310/954/#310-954-50-3" class="xref">954-310-50-3</a></td><td class="entry">Superseded</td><td class="entry"><a href="https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/updates/asu-2014-09/" class="xref">Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09</a></td><td class="entry">05/28/2014</td></tr><tr><td class="entry"><a href="https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/310/954/#310-954-50-3" class="xref">954-310-50-3</a></td><td class="entry">Added</td><td class="entry"><a href="https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/updates/asu-2011-07/" class="xref">Accounting Standards Update No. 2011-07</a></td><td class="entry">07/25/2011</td></tr><tr><td class="entry"><div class="xref-range displayInline"><a href="https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/310/954/#310-954-55-1" class="xref">954-310-55-1 through 55-3</a></div></td><td class="entry">Superseded</td><td class="entry"><a href="https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/updates/asu-2014-09/" class="xref">Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09</a></td><td class="entry">05/28/2014</td></tr><tr><td class="entry"><div class="xref-range displayInline"><a href="https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/310/954/#310-954-55-1" class="xref">954-310-55-1 through 55-3</a></div></td><td class="entry">Added</td><td class="entry"><a href="https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/updates/asu-2011-07/" class="xref">Accounting Standards Update No. 2011-07</a></td><td class="entry">07/25/2011</td></tr></tbody></table>

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## ASC 310-954-05: 05 Overview and Background

[Read section](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/310/954/#05-overview-and-background)

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##### [310-954-05-1](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/310/954/#310-954-05-1)

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This Subtopic provides guidance on receivables for health care entities within the scope of this Topic.

##### [310-954-05-2](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/310/954/#310-954-05-2)

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Amounts due from third-party payors for health care services are usually less than the provider's full established rates for those services. The receivable amounts may be determined by any of the following:

1.  a
    
    Contractual agreement with others (such as Blue Cross plans, Medicare, Medicaid, or [health maintenance organizations](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/glossary/h/#health-maintenance-organization "A generic group of medical care entities organized to provide defined health care services to members in return for fixed, periodic premiums (usually paid monthly) that are paid in advance."))
    
2.  b
    
    Legislation or regulation (such as workers' compensation or no-fault insurance)
    
3.  c
    
    Provider policy or practice (such as courtesy discounts to medical staff members and employees or other administrative adjustments).

#### Third-Party Settlements

##### [310-954-05-3](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/310/954/#310-954-05-3)

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Some third-party payors retrospectively determine final amounts reimbursable for services rendered to their beneficiaries based on allowable costs. These payors reimburse the health care entity on the basis of interim payment rates until the retrospective determination of allowable costs can be made. In most instances, the accumulation and allocation of allowable costs and other factors result in final settlements different from the interim payment rates. Final settlements are determined after the close of the fiscal periods to which they apply and may affect materially the health care entity's financial position and results of operations.

#### Stop-Loss Insurance Receivables

##### [310-954-05-4](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/310/954/#310-954-05-4)

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Some health care entities, for example, [providers of prepaid health care services](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/glossary/p/#prepaid-health-care-services-providers "Entities that provide or arrange for the delivery of health care services in accordance with the terms and provisions of a prepaid health care plan. Providers assume the financial risk of the cost of delivering health care services in excess of preestablished fixed premiums. However, some or all of the financial risk may be contractually transferred to other providers (affiliated entities) or by purchasing stop-loss insurance. Other providers of prepaid health care services may include comprehensive medical plans, physicians groups (for example, independent practice associations), and hospitals."), contract to provide comprehensive health care services for a fixed period in return for fixed periodic premiums. Many of those entities may transfer a portion of their financial risks under the contract to another entity by purchasing [stop-loss insurance](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/glossary/s/#stop-loss-insurance "A contract in which an entity agrees to indemnify providers for certain health care costs incurred by members."). Receivables of those entities may include uncollected premiums and amounts recoverable from stop-loss insurers, reduced by appropriate valuation allowances.

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## ASC 310-954-15: 15 Scope and Scope Exceptions

[Read section](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/310/954/#15-scope-and-scope-exceptions)

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#### Overall Guidance

##### [310-954-15-1](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/310/954/#310-954-15-1)

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This Subtopic follows the same Scope and Scope Exceptions as outlined in the Overall Subtopic, see Section 954-10-15.

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## ASC 310-954-25: 25 Recognition

[Read section](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/310/954/#25-recognition)

SEC content: no

##### [310-954-25-1](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/310/954/#310-954-25-1)

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The provision of charity care does not qualify for recognition as receivables in the financial statements.

#### Stop-Loss Insurance Receivables

##### [310-954-25-2](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/310/954/#310-954-25-2)

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Any uncollected premiums and amounts recoverable from stop-loss insurers reduced by appropriate valuation allowances shall be included in receivables. See also paragraph [954-720-45-1](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/720/954/#720-954-45-1).

#### Receivables from Related Entities

##### [310-954-25-3](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/310/954/#310-954-25-3)

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A health care entity may loan or advance resources to a related entity. If repayment is reasonably assured, a receivable or payable should be recorded by the entities.

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## ASC 310-954-30: 30 Initial Measurement

[Read section](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/310/954/#30-initial-measurement)

SEC content: no

##### [310-954-30-1](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/310/954/#310-954-30-1)

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Contractual adjustments and discounts are variable consideration and shall be measured in accordance with paragraphs

[606-10-32-5 through 32-14](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/606/10/#606-10-32-5)

. An allowance for credit losses shall be recorded in accordance with Topic 326 on measurement of credit losses.

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## ASC 310-954-35: 35 Subsequent Measurement

[Read section](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/310/954/#35-subsequent-measurement)

SEC content: no

##### [310-954-35-1](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/310/954/#310-954-35-1)

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Contractual adjustments and discounts shall be subsequently measured in accordance with paragraphs

[606-10-32-5 through 32-14](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/606/10/#606-10-32-5)

and paragraphs

[606-10-32-42 through 32-45](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/606/10/#606-10-32-42)

. An allowance for credit losses shall be subsequently recorded in accordance with Topic 326 on measurement of credit losses.

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## ASC 310-954-40: 40 Derecognition

[Read section](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/310/954/#40-derecognition)

SEC content: no

#### Receivables from Related Entities

##### [310-954-40-1](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/310/954/#310-954-40-1)

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If a receivable from a related entity is not to be repaid, or if the related entity is perceived as unable to repay, the write-off of the receivable may be recognized as an [equity transfer](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/glossary/e/#equity-transfer "An equity transfer is nonreciprocal. An equity transfer is a transaction directly between a transferor and a transferee. Equity transfers are similar to ownership transactions between a for-profit parent and its owned subsidiary (for example, additional paid-in capital or dividends). However, equity transfers can occur only between related not-for-profit entities (NFPs) if one controls the other or both are under common control. An equity transfer embodies no expectation of repayment, nor does the transferor receive anything of immediate economic value (such as a financial interest or ownership).") (see paragraph [954-220-45-2](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/220/954/#220-954-45-2)) with the transferor reducing net assets and the transferee increasing net assets at the date such determination is made.

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## ASC 310-954-45: 45 Other Presentation Matters

[Read section](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/310/954/#45-other-presentation-matters)

SEC content: no

#### Accounts Receivable

##### [310-954-45-1](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/310/954/#310-954-45-1)

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Receivables shall be reported net of an allowance for doubtful accounts. (See also the guidance in paragraphs

[606-10-45-1 through 45-5](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/606/10/#606-10-45-1)

on presenting receivables, [contract assets](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/glossary/c/#contract-asset "An entity's right to consideration in exchange for goods or services that the entity has transferred to a customer when that right is conditioned on something other than the passage of time (for example, the entity's future performance)."), and [contract liabilities](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/glossary/c/#contract-liability "An entity's obligation to transfer goods or services to a customer for which the entity has received consideration (or the amount is due) from the customer.")). Although the aggregate amount of receivables may include balances due from patients and third-party payors (including final settlements and appeals), the amounts due from third-party payors for retroactive adjustments of items such as final settlements or appeals shall be reported separately in the financial statements.

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## ASC 310-954-50: 50 Disclosure

[Read section](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/310/954/#50-disclosure)

SEC content: no

##### [310-954-50-1](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/310/954/#310-954-50-1)

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With regard to contractual adjustments and third-party settlements, identification and explanation of the estimated amounts that are receivable by the entity shall be disclosed.

##### [310-954-50-2](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/310/954/#310-954-50-2)

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Section 825-10-50 provides guidance on the required disclosures about significant concentrations of credit risk arising from all financial instruments, including trade accounts receivable. Concentration of credit risk frequently is an issue because most health care entities generally tend to treat patients from their local or surrounding communities. Accordingly, disclosure shall be made of the primary geographic sources of patients. It should be noted that concentration of credit risk may be a significant issue in standalone financial statements issued for a member hospital of a large national multihospital system but may not be an issue for financial statements prepared for the hospital system. When the individual facilities' financial statements are consolidated into statements prepared for the entire system, the credit risk is dispersed over a much larger base of health plans, patients, and geographies and, therefore, is not as concentrated.

##### [310-954-50-3](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/310/954/#310-954-50-3)

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[Paragraph superseded by Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/updates/asu-2014-09/).

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## ASC 310-954-55: 55 Implementation Guidance and Illustrations

[Read section](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/310/954/#55-implementation-guidance-and-illustrations)

SEC content: no

##### [310-954-55-1](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/310/954/#310-954-55-1)

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[Paragraph superseded by Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/updates/asu-2014-09/).

##### [310-954-55-2](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/310/954/#310-954-55-2)

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[Paragraph superseded by Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/updates/asu-2014-09/).

##### [310-954-55-3](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/310/954/#310-954-55-3)

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[Paragraph superseded by Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/updates/asu-2014-09/).
