# ASC 715-70: Compensation—Retirement Benefits — Defined Contribution Plans

Source: FASB Accounting Standards Codification, Basic View

[Read online](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/715/70/)

Study and research edition. Verify current requirements with the official source. Summaries, enrichment, and tags are machine-generated study aids. Paragraph html preserves source markup; snippet is abbreviated. Pending content is not necessarily effective.

Tables and mathematical or amendment markup are retained as HTML where Markdown would lose structure.

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## ASC 715-70: Compensation—Retirement Benefits — Defined Contribution Plans

### Machine-generated study aids

```json
{
  "summary": "ASC 715-70 governs employer accounting and disclosure for defined contribution pension and other postretirement benefit plans—plans that provide an individual account for each participant and benefits based only on contributions plus returns. The core rule is that net periodic cost equals the contribution called for in the period in which the employee renders service (715-70-35-1), with costs accrued during the service period if contributions relate to periods after retirement or termination. Plans with characteristics of both defined benefit and defined contribution plans must be accounted for based on their substance (715-70-15-2).",
  "key_points": [
    "An employer's obligation is fully satisfied when the period's contribution is made, provided costs are not deferred and recognized after the related service period (715-70-05-2).",
    "Net pension or other postretirement benefit cost for a period is the contribution called for in that period; contributions called for after retirement or termination must be accrued during the employee's service period (715-70-35-1).",
    "If a plan has characteristics of both a defined benefit and defined contribution plan and its substance is to provide a defined benefit (e.g., some target benefit plans), account for it under Subtopic 715-30 or 715-60 and disclose per 715-20-50-1 and 715-20-50-5 (715-70-15-2).",
    "Employers must disclose defined contribution plan cost for all periods presented separately from defined benefit cost, plus the nature and effect of significant changes affecting comparability such as a change in contribution rate, a business combination, or a divestiture (715-70-50-1).",
    "A floor-offset arrangement—where account balances in a defined contribution plan reduce the employer's defined benefit obligation—is accounted for as two separate plans, not one (715-70-55-2 through 55-3).",
    "Assets contributed in excess of the required annual contribution and held in a suspense account pending allocation are recorded as an employer asset (the employer retains the risks and rewards), with compensation expense recognized when the plan makes the allocation, measured at fair value at that time (715-70-55-4 through 55-7).",
    "Unallocated employer common stock in the plan is reported as treasury stock; unallocated employer and third-party debt securities are reported as assets (not debt extinguishment) measured at the lower of cost or fair value (715-70-55-8 through 55-9)."
  ],
  "categories": [
    "Compensation and benefits",
    "Recognition",
    "Disclosure",
    "Subsequent measurement"
  ],
  "audience_level": "intermediate",
  "student_note": "Exams love the contrast: defined contribution cost is simply the contribution owed for the period—no actuarial assumptions, no funded status on the balance sheet—whereas defined benefit accounting under 715-30/715-60 is far more complex. The classic trap is assuming a plan labeled \"defined contribution\" is one; substance controls (target benefit and floor-offset arrangements must be analyzed carefully, and floor-offset arrangements are two separate plans).",
  "related_topics": [
    "715-10",
    "715-20",
    "715-30",
    "715-60",
    "320-10",
    "321-10"
  ],
  "key_concepts": [
    "defined contribution plan",
    "net periodic benefit cost",
    "individual participant accounts",
    "floor-offset plan",
    "target benefit plan",
    "unallocated suspense account assets",
    "postretirement health care accounts",
    "treasury stock presentation"
  ]
}
```

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## ASC 715-70-00: 00 Status

[Read section](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/715/70/#00-status)

SEC content: no

##### [715-70-00-1](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/715/70/#715-70-00-1)

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The following table identifies the changes made to this Subtopic.

<table class="asc-table" id="SL29647681-196252"><tbody><tr><td class="entry"><strong class="ph b">Paragraph</strong></td><td class="entry"><strong class="ph b">Action</strong></td><td class="entry"><strong class="ph b">Accounting Standards Update</strong></td><td class="entry"><strong class="ph b">Date</strong></td></tr><tr><td class="entry"></td><td class="entry"></td><td class="entry"></td><td class="entry"></td></tr><tr><td class="entry"><a href="https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/glossary/d/#defined-contribution-plan" class="term" title="A plan that provides an individual account for each participant and provides benefits that are based on all of the following: amounts contributed to the participant's account by the employer or employee; investment experience; and any forfeitures allocated to the account, less any administrative expenses charged to the plan. Defined contribution health and welfare plans—Defined contribution health and welfare plans maintain an individual account for each plan participant. They have terms that specify the means of determining the contributions to participants' accounts, rather than the amount of benefits the participants are to receive. The benefits a plan participant will receive are limited to the amount contributed to the participant's account, investment experience, expenses, and any forfeitures allocated to the participant's account. These plans also include flexible spending arrangements. Defined contribution postretirement plan—A plan that provides postretirement benefits in return for services rendered, provides an individual account for each plan participant, and specifies how contributions to the individual's account are to be determined rather than specifies the amount of benefits the individual is to receive. Under a defined contribution postretirement plan, the benefits a plan participant will receive depend solely on the amount contributed to the plan participant's account, the returns earned on investments of those contributions, and the forfeitures of other plan participants' benefits that may be allocated to that plan participant's account."><span>Defined Contribution Plan</span></a></td><td class="entry">Amended</td><td class="entry"><a href="https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/updates/asu-2014-06/" class="xref">Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-06</a></td><td class="entry">03/14/2014</td></tr><tr><td class="entry"><strong class="ph b">Defined Contribution Postretirement Plan</strong></td><td class="entry">Superseded</td><td class="entry"><a href="https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/updates/asu-2014-06/" class="xref">Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-06</a></td><td class="entry">03/14/2014</td></tr><tr><td class="entry"><a href="https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/glossary/f/#fair-value" class="term" title="The price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date."><span>Fair Value</span></a> (3rd def.)</td><td class="entry">Added</td><td class="entry"><a href="https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/updates/asu-2012-04/" class="xref">Accounting Standards Update No. 2012-04</a></td><td class="entry">10/01/2012</td></tr><tr><td class="entry"></td><td class="entry"></td><td class="entry"></td><td class="entry"></td></tr><tr><td class="entry"><a href="https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/715/70/#715-70-15-2" class="xref">715-70-15-2</a></td><td class="entry">Added</td><td class="entry"><a href="https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/updates/asu-2012-04/" class="xref">Accounting Standards Update No. 2012-04</a></td><td class="entry">10/01/2012</td></tr><tr><td class="entry"><a href="https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/715/70/#715-70-35-2" class="xref">715-70-35-2</a></td><td class="entry">Superseded</td><td class="entry"><a href="https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/updates/asu-2012-04/" class="xref">Accounting Standards Update No. 2012-04</a></td><td class="entry">10/01/2012</td></tr><tr><td class="entry"><a href="https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/715/70/#715-70-50-1" class="xref">715-70-50-1</a></td><td class="entry">Amended</td><td class="entry"><a href="https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/updates/asu-2014-06/" class="xref">Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-06</a></td><td class="entry">03/14/2014</td></tr><tr><td class="entry"><a href="https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/715/70/#715-70-55-6" class="xref">715-70-55-6</a></td><td class="entry">Amended</td><td class="entry"><a href="https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/updates/asu-2016-01/" class="xref">Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-01</a></td><td class="entry">01/05/2016</td></tr><tr><td class="entry"><a href="https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/715/70/#715-70-55-7" class="xref">715-70-55-7</a></td><td class="entry">Amended</td><td class="entry"><a href="https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/updates/asu-2012-04/" class="xref">Accounting Standards Update No. 2012-04</a></td><td class="entry">10/01/2012</td></tr><tr><td class="entry"><a href="https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/715/70/#715-70-55-9" class="xref">715-70-55-9</a></td><td class="entry">Amended</td><td class="entry"><a href="https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/updates/asu-2012-04/" class="xref">Accounting Standards Update No. 2012-04</a></td><td class="entry">10/01/2012</td></tr></tbody></table>

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## ASC 715-70-05: 05 Overview and Background

[Read section](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/715/70/#05-overview-and-background)

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##### [715-70-05-1](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/715/70/#715-70-05-1)

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This Subtopic provides guidance on the accounting and reporting of [defined contribution plans](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/glossary/d/#defined-contribution-plan "A plan that provides an individual account for each participant and provides benefits that are based on all of the following: amounts contributed to the participant's account by the employer or employee; investment experience; and any forfeitures allocated to the account, less any administrative expenses charged to the plan. Defined contribution health and welfare plans—Defined contribution health and welfare plans maintain an individual account for each plan participant. They have terms that specify the means of determining the contributions to participants' accounts, rather than the amount of benefits the participants are to receive. The benefits a plan participant will receive are limited to the amount contributed to the participant's account, investment experience, expenses, and any forfeitures allocated to the participant's account. These plans also include flexible spending arrangements. Defined contribution postretirement plan—A plan that provides postretirement benefits in return for services rendered, provides an individual account for each plan participant, and specifies how contributions to the individual's account are to be determined rather than specifies the amount of benefits the individual is to receive. Under a defined contribution postretirement plan, the benefits a plan participant will receive depend solely on the amount contributed to the plan participant's account, the returns earned on investments of those contributions, and the forfeitures of other plan participants' benefits that may be allocated to that plan participant's account.").

##### [715-70-05-2](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/715/70/#715-70-05-2)

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An employer's present obligation under the terms of a plan is fully satisfied when the contribution for the period is made, provided that costs (defined contributions) are not being deferred and recognized in periods after the related service period of the individual to whose account the contributions are to be made.

##### [715-70-05-3](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/715/70/#715-70-05-3)

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In a postretirement health plan, an employer may establish individual postretirement health care accounts for each employee, each year contributing a specified amount to each active employee's account. The balance in each employee's account may be used by that employee after the employee's retirement to purchase health care insurance or for other health care benefits. Rather than providing for defined health care benefits, the employer is providing a defined amount of money that may be used by retirees toward the payment of their health care costs.

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## ASC 715-70-15: 15 Scope and Scope Exceptions

[Read section](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/715/70/#15-scope-and-scope-exceptions)

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#### Overall Guidance

##### [715-70-15-1](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/715/70/#715-70-15-1)

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This Subtopic follows the same Scope and Scope Exceptions as outlined in the Overall Subtopic, see Section 715-10-15.

#### Plans with Characteristics of both a Defined Contribution and a Defined Benefit Plan

##### [715-70-15-2](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/715/70/#715-70-15-2)

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A pension or other postretirement benefit plan having characteristics of both a defined benefit plan and a [defined contribution plan](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/glossary/d/#defined-contribution-plan "A plan that provides an individual account for each participant and provides benefits that are based on all of the following: amounts contributed to the participant's account by the employer or employee; investment experience; and any forfeitures allocated to the account, less any administrative expenses charged to the plan. Defined contribution health and welfare plans—Defined contribution health and welfare plans maintain an individual account for each plan participant. They have terms that specify the means of determining the contributions to participants' accounts, rather than the amount of benefits the participants are to receive. The benefits a plan participant will receive are limited to the amount contributed to the participant's account, investment experience, expenses, and any forfeitures allocated to the participant's account. These plans also include flexible spending arrangements. Defined contribution postretirement plan—A plan that provides postretirement benefits in return for services rendered, provides an individual account for each plan participant, and specifies how contributions to the individual's account are to be determined rather than specifies the amount of benefits the individual is to receive. Under a defined contribution postretirement plan, the benefits a plan participant will receive depend solely on the amount contributed to the plan participant's account, the returns earned on investments of those contributions, and the forfeitures of other plan participants' benefits that may be allocated to that plan participant's account.") requires careful analysis. If the substance of the plan is to provide a defined benefit, as may be the case with some target benefit plans, the accounting requirements shall be determined in accordance with the provisions of Subtopic 715-30 or 715-60 applicable to a defined benefit plan and the disclosure requirements shall be determined in accordance with the provisions of paragraphs [715-20-50-1](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/715/20/#715-20-50-1) and [715-20-50-5](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/715/20/#715-20-50-5).

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## ASC 715-70-35: 35 Subsequent Measurement

[Read section](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/715/70/#35-subsequent-measurement)

SEC content: no

#### Defined Contribution Plans

##### [715-70-35-1](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/715/70/#715-70-35-1)

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To the extent a plan's defined contributions to an individual's account are to be made for periods in which that individual renders services, the net pension or other postretirement benefit cost for a period shall be the contribution called for in that period. If a plan calls for contributions for periods after an individual retires or terminates, the estimated cost shall be accrued during the employee's service period.

##### [715-70-35-2](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/715/70/#715-70-35-2)

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[Paragraph superseded by Accounting Standards Update No. 2012-04](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/updates/asu-2012-04/).

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## ASC 715-70-50: 50 Disclosure

[Read section](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/715/70/#50-disclosure)

SEC content: no

##### [715-70-50-1](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/715/70/#715-70-50-1)

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An employer shall disclose the amount of cost recognized for defined contribution pension plans and for other [defined contribution postretirement benefit plans](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/glossary/d/#defined-contribution-plan "A plan that provides an individual account for each participant and provides benefits that are based on all of the following: amounts contributed to the participant's account by the employer or employee; investment experience; and any forfeitures allocated to the account, less any administrative expenses charged to the plan. Defined contribution health and welfare plans—Defined contribution health and welfare plans maintain an individual account for each plan participant. They have terms that specify the means of determining the contributions to participants' accounts, rather than the amount of benefits the participants are to receive. The benefits a plan participant will receive are limited to the amount contributed to the participant's account, investment experience, expenses, and any forfeitures allocated to the participant's account. These plans also include flexible spending arrangements. Defined contribution postretirement plan—A plan that provides postretirement benefits in return for services rendered, provides an individual account for each plan participant, and specifies how contributions to the individual's account are to be determined rather than specifies the amount of benefits the individual is to receive. Under a defined contribution postretirement plan, the benefits a plan participant will receive depend solely on the amount contributed to the plan participant's account, the returns earned on investments of those contributions, and the forfeitures of other plan participants' benefits that may be allocated to that plan participant's account.") for all periods presented separately from the amount of cost recognized for defined benefit plans. The disclosures shall include a description of the nature and effect of any significant changes during the period affecting comparability, such as a change in the rate of employer contributions, a business combination, or a divestiture.

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## ASC 715-70-55: 55 Implementation Guidance and Illustrations

[Read section](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/715/70/#55-implementation-guidance-and-illustrations)

SEC content: no

#### Implementation Guidance

##### [715-70-55-1](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/715/70/#715-70-55-1)

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This Section, which is an integral part of the requirements of this Subtopic, provides general guidance related to accounting and disclosure requirements of defined contribution pension and other postretirement benefit plans.

##### [715-70-55-2](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/715/70/#715-70-55-2)

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An employer has two legally separate pension or other postretirement benefit plans—a defined benefit plan and a [defined contribution plan](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/glossary/d/#defined-contribution-plan "A plan that provides an individual account for each participant and provides benefits that are based on all of the following: amounts contributed to the participant's account by the employer or employee; investment experience; and any forfeitures allocated to the account, less any administrative expenses charged to the plan. Defined contribution health and welfare plans—Defined contribution health and welfare plans maintain an individual account for each plan participant. They have terms that specify the means of determining the contributions to participants' accounts, rather than the amount of benefits the participants are to receive. The benefits a plan participant will receive are limited to the amount contributed to the participant's account, investment experience, expenses, and any forfeitures allocated to the participant's account. These plans also include flexible spending arrangements. Defined contribution postretirement plan—A plan that provides postretirement benefits in return for services rendered, provides an individual account for each plan participant, and specifies how contributions to the individual's account are to be determined rather than specifies the amount of benefits the individual is to receive. Under a defined contribution postretirement plan, the benefits a plan participant will receive depend solely on the amount contributed to the plan participant's account, the returns earned on investments of those contributions, and the forfeitures of other plan participants' benefits that may be allocated to that plan participant's account."). The terms of the defined benefit plan specify that the employer's obligation under that plan is reduced to the extent that a participant's account balance in the defined contribution plan shall be used to pay incurred benefits covered by the defined benefit plan. Those plans shall be considered two plans for purposes of applying this Subtopic.

##### [715-70-55-3](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/715/70/#715-70-55-3)

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The defined benefit plan is commonly described as a floor-offset plan. As participants' account balances in the defined contribution plan grow, the employer's obligation under the defined benefit plan diminishes. However, the nature of the employer's obligation under each plan, how that obligation is satisfied, the availability of plan assets to pay benefits, and the accounting for a defined benefit versus a defined contribution plan are sufficiently dissimilar for the two plans that they cannot be considered a single plan for purposes of applying the guidance in this Subtopic. See paragraphs

[715-60-55-32 through 55-34](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/715/60/#715-60-55-32)

for additional guidance on floor-offset plans.

##### [715-70-55-4](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/715/70/#715-70-55-4)

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When an employer terminates a defined benefit plan and contributes the assets withdrawn to a defined contribution plan and the amount contributed is in excess of the employer's required (or maximum) annual contribution to the plan, the assets in excess of the required contribution are maintained in a suspense account pending allocation to plan participants. Those assets are not allocated to individual participants' accounts, and the employer retains the risks and rewards of ownership of the assets.

##### [715-70-55-5](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/715/70/#715-70-55-5)

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The excess contribution that is not allocated to individual participants shall be accounted for as an asset regardless of the source of funds to make the excess unallocated contribution (for example, either from an asset reversion of a defined benefit plan or otherwise).

##### [715-70-55-6](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/715/70/#715-70-55-6)

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The unallocated amount shall be treated as if it were part of the employer's investment portfolio and recorded as an asset until allocation to individual participants. For example, if the unallocated amount consists of equity securities, the accounting as required by Subtopic 321-10 shall apply. If the employer is subject to specialized industry accounting rules, as indicated in paragraph [320-10-15-3](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/320/10/#320-10-15-3) or paragraph [321-10-15-3](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/321/10/#321-10-15-3), such specialized industry rules would apply. Income attributable to such securities, including dividends, interest, and realized gains and losses, should be reported in a manner consistent with the employer's reporting of similar items.

##### [715-70-55-7](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/715/70/#715-70-55-7)

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Compensation expense shall be reflected at the time the allocation is made by the plan based on the [fair value](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/glossary/f/#fair-value "The price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.") of the assets at that time.

##### [715-70-55-8](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/715/70/#715-70-55-8)

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The employer shall report the portion of the unallocated assets of the plan that consist of employer common stock as treasury stock in the employer's financial statements.

##### [715-70-55-9](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/715/70/#715-70-55-9)

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With respect to the employer's own debt securities and a third party's debt securities the employer shall report the portion of the unallocated assets of the plan that consist of employer debt securities as an asset rather than as an extinguishment of debt. This Subtopic applies only to employer debt securities included in the unallocated assets of a defined contribution plan and shall not apply to other circumstances in which an entity acquires its own debt securities. Debt securities, both of third parties and of the employer, included in the unallocated assets of a defined contribution plan shall be measured at the lower of cost or fair value with any write-downs reflected in the income statement.
