{"schema_version":2,"canonical_url":"https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/720/958/#05-overview-and-background","source":"FASB Accounting Standards Codification, Basic View","usage":"Study and research edition. Verify current requirements with the official source. Summaries, enrichment, and tags are machine-generated study aids. Paragraph html preserves source markup; snippet is abbreviated. Pending content is not necessarily effective.","topic":"720","topic_title":"Other Expenses","subtopic":"720-958","subtopic_title":"Not-for-Profit Entities","section":{"number":"05","label":"05 Overview and Background","anchor":"05-overview-and-background","is_sec":false,"groups":[{"block":null,"heading":null,"paragraphs":[{"citation":"720-958-05-1","para":"05-1","html":"<div class=\"asc-body\"><div class=\"norm-text\">This Subtopic provides guidance on reporting expenses for <a href=\"/glossary/n/#not-for-profit-entity\" class=\"term\" title=\"An entity that possesses the following characteristics, in varying degrees, that distinguish it from a business entity: Contributions of significant amounts of resources from resource providers who do not expect commensurate or proportionate pecuniary return Operating purposes other than to provide goods or services at a profit Absence of ownership interests like those of business entities. Entities that clearly fall outside this definition include the following: All investor-owned entities Entities that provide dividends, lower costs, or other economic benefits directly and proportionately to their owners, members, or participants, such as mutual insurance entities, credit unions, farm and rural electric cooperatives, and employee benefit plans.\"><span>not-for-profit entities</span></a> (NFPs). The guidance in this Subtopic is presented in the following three Subsections:<ol class=\"ol-norm\"><li class=\"li-norm\"><span class=\"linum\">a</span><div class=\"p\">General</div></li><li class=\"li-norm\"><span class=\"linum\">b</span><div class=\"p\">Accounting for Costs of Activities that Include Fundraising</div></li><li class=\"li-norm\"><span class=\"linum\">c</span><div class=\"p\"><span class=\"sfragment\" id=\"sfr_3BF03B9A-6E93-1014-A13F-6E4B94C84136\"><span class=\"sfragment-source\">Services Received from Personnel of an Affiliate. </span></span></div></li></ol></div></div>","snippet":"This Subtopic provides guidance on reporting expenses for not-for-profit entities (NFPs). The guidance in this Subtopic is presented in the following three Subsections:\n(a) General\n(b) Accounting for Costs of Activities …","pending":false,"provenance":{"source_url":"https://asc.fasb.org/","snapshot_version":"sha256:15aea8165dff9f5ae47d9484f8470588b13b307f56e1d50801bf4d85ec190e3f","record_version":"sha256:d7018b36b358c6ed983aac1642c4329895255ae6cb731611533560a50a8c208e","downloaded_from":"2026-09-10T01:13:01.081Z","last_downloaded_at":"2026-09-10T01:13:01.081Z","date_scope":"source_page","effective_as_of":null,"effective_as_of_status":"Not established by retrieval timestamps","source_key":"1943274/2147477736","source_sha256":"12d361c6a42f18d72ec989388817b750def034daca96553a66d2ff29bb459ffd"}},{"citation":"720-958-05-2","para":"05-2","html":"<div class=\"asc-body\"><div class=\"norm-text\">The General Subsections provide incremental guidance on the following subjects:<ol class=\"ol-norm\"><li class=\"li-norm\"><span class=\"linum\">a</span><div class=\"p\">The functional classification of expenses</div></li><li class=\"li-norm\"><span class=\"linum\">b</span><div class=\"p\">The natural classification of expenses</div></li><li class=\"li-norm\"><span class=\"linum\">c</span><div class=\"p\"><a href=\"/glossary/c/#contribution\" class=\"term\" title=\"An unconditional transfer of cash or other assets, as well as unconditional promises to give, to an entity or a reduction, settlement, or cancellation of its liabilities in a voluntary nonreciprocal transfer by another entity acting other than as an owner. Those characteristics distinguish contributions from:Exchange transactions, which are reciprocal transfers in which each party receives and sacrifices approximately commensurate valueInvestments by owners and distributions to owners, which are nonreciprocal transfers between an entity and its ownersOther nonreciprocal transfers, such as impositions of taxes or legal judgments, fines, and thefts, which are not voluntary transfers. In a contribution transaction, the resource provider often receives value indirectly by providing a societal benefit although that benefit is not considered to be of commensurate value. In an exchange transaction, the potential public benefits are secondary to the potential direct benefits to the resource provider. The term contribution revenue is used to apply to transactions that are part of the entity's ongoing major or central activities (revenues), or are peripheral or incidental to the entity (gains). See also Inherent Contribution and Conditional Contribution.\"><span>Contributions</span></a> made</div></li><li class=\"li-norm\"><span class=\"linum\">d</span><div class=\"p\">Fundraising costs</div></li><li class=\"li-norm\"><span class=\"linum\">e</span><div class=\"p\">Premium costs</div></li><li class=\"li-norm\"><span class=\"linum\">f</span><div class=\"p\">Advertising costs</div></li><li class=\"li-norm\"><span class=\"linum\">g</span><div class=\"p\">Reductions in amounts charged for goods and services (discounts)</div></li><li class=\"li-norm\"><span class=\"linum\">h</span><div class=\"p\">Cost of sales</div></li><li class=\"li-norm\"><span class=\"linum\">i</span><div class=\"p\">Costs of occupancy and maintenance</div></li><li class=\"li-norm\"><span class=\"linum\">j</span><div class=\"p\">Interest costs</div></li><li class=\"li-norm\"><span class=\"linum\">k</span><div class=\"p\">Payments to affiliated NFPs</div></li><li class=\"li-norm\"><span class=\"linum\">l</span><div class=\"p\">Expenses of federated fundraising organizations.</div></li></ol></div></div>","snippet":"The General Subsections provide incremental guidance on the following subjects:\n(a) The functional classification of expenses\n(b) The natural classification of expenses\n(c) Contributions made\n(d) Fundraising costs\n(e) Pr…","pending":false,"provenance":{"source_url":"https://asc.fasb.org/","snapshot_version":"sha256:15aea8165dff9f5ae47d9484f8470588b13b307f56e1d50801bf4d85ec190e3f","record_version":"sha256:3fe8a25bb98f8a9669e5cca899980d06dd6668e94ea7326cb85005918124ba67","downloaded_from":"2026-09-10T01:13:01.081Z","last_downloaded_at":"2026-09-10T01:13:01.081Z","date_scope":"source_page","effective_as_of":null,"effective_as_of_status":"Not established by retrieval timestamps","source_key":"1943274/2147477736","source_sha256":"12d361c6a42f18d72ec989388817b750def034daca96553a66d2ff29bb459ffd"}},{"citation":"720-958-05-3","para":"05-3","html":"<div class=\"asc-body\"><div class=\"norm-text\">For additional information about the presentation of expenses in a statement of activities, see Section <a altsource=\"GUID-AC0D0CC1-DDCF-4D13-A7F7-95A3D6E49D4A.ditamap\" class=\"ditamap\">958-220-45</a>.</div></div>","snippet":"For additional information about the presentation of expenses in a statement of activities, see Section 958-220-45.","pending":false,"provenance":{"source_url":"https://asc.fasb.org/","snapshot_version":"sha256:15aea8165dff9f5ae47d9484f8470588b13b307f56e1d50801bf4d85ec190e3f","record_version":"sha256:807f7652ae7b4989cf61ecd0ab7ae05b78577cd61f4127b227b8f2d5a841cd73","downloaded_from":"2026-09-10T01:13:01.081Z","last_downloaded_at":"2026-09-10T01:13:01.081Z","date_scope":"source_page","effective_as_of":null,"effective_as_of_status":"Not established by retrieval timestamps","source_key":"1943274/2147477736","source_sha256":"12d361c6a42f18d72ec989388817b750def034daca96553a66d2ff29bb459ffd"}},{"citation":"720-958-05-4","para":"05-4","html":"<div class=\"asc-body\"><div class=\"norm-text\"><span class=\"sfragment\" id=\"sfr_3BF040FC-6E93-1014-A13F-6E4B94C84136\"><span class=\"sfragment-source\">An NFP produces and distributes goods and services by using resources. It obtains some of the resources it uses by paying cash, some by incurring liabilities, and some by contribution. Some of its resources (assets) are used up in providing services at the time they are received, others are used up at a later date, and still others are used up gradually over time. </span></span><span class=\"sfragment\" id=\"sfr_3BF04352-6E93-1014-A13F-6E4B94C84136\"><span class=\"sfragment-source\">Using up assets in providing services (or otherwise) has a cost whether those assets have been acquired in prior periods or in the current period and whether acquired by paying cash, incurring liabilities, or by contribution. </span></span><span class=\"sfragment\" id=\"sfr_3BF04474-6E93-1014-A13F-6E4B94C84136\"><span class=\"sfragment-source\">To help explain the relationships of an NFP's ongoing major or central operations and activities, a statement of activities shall report the gross amounts of revenues and expenses pursuant to paragraph <a href=\"/asc/220/958/#220-958-45-14\" class=\"xref\">958-220-45-14</a>. </span></span><span class=\"sfragment\" id=\"sfr_3BF04576-6E93-1014-A13F-6E4B94C84136\"><span class=\"sfragment-source\">To help donors, creditors, and others in assessing an NFP's service efforts, including the costs of its services and how it uses resources, a statement of activities or notes to financial statements shall provide information about expenses reported by their functional classification such as major classes of <a href=\"/glossary/p/#program-services\" class=\"term\" title=\"The activities that result in goods and services being distributed to beneficiaries, customers, or members that fulfill the purposes or mission for which the not-for-profit entity (NFP) exists. Those services are the major purpose for and the major output of the NFP and often relate to several major programs.\"><span>program services</span></a> and <a href=\"/glossary/s/#supporting-activities\" class=\"term\" title=\"Supporting activities are all activities of a not-for-profit entity (NFP) other than program services. Generally, they include the following: Management and general activities Fundraising activities Membership development activities.\"><span>supporting activities</span></a>. </span></span></div></div>","snippet":"An NFP produces and distributes goods and services by using resources. It obtains some of the resources it uses by paying cash, some by incurring liabilities, and some by contribution. Some of its resources (assets) are …","pending":false,"provenance":{"source_url":"https://asc.fasb.org/","snapshot_version":"sha256:15aea8165dff9f5ae47d9484f8470588b13b307f56e1d50801bf4d85ec190e3f","record_version":"sha256:5b95f63fb1ab10a455df65ff15c5e42b6bdd43e16717007e8f10105f2c37cc3e","downloaded_from":"2026-09-10T01:13:01.081Z","last_downloaded_at":"2026-09-10T01:13:01.081Z","date_scope":"source_page","effective_as_of":null,"effective_as_of_status":"Not established by retrieval timestamps","source_key":"1943274/2147477736","source_sha256":"12d361c6a42f18d72ec989388817b750def034daca96553a66d2ff29bb459ffd"}}],"provenance":{"source_url":"https://asc.fasb.org/","snapshot_version":"sha256:15aea8165dff9f5ae47d9484f8470588b13b307f56e1d50801bf4d85ec190e3f","record_version":"sha256:6451c8f64daa54edd522761164e7d6dcb386e9cf0654f7ca83f3a808f65fbf15","downloaded_from":"2026-09-10T01:13:01.081Z","last_downloaded_at":"2026-09-10T01:13:01.081Z","date_scope":"source_page","effective_as_of":null,"effective_as_of_status":"Not established by retrieval timestamps","source_key":"1943274/2147477736","source_sha256":"12d361c6a42f18d72ec989388817b750def034daca96553a66d2ff29bb459ffd"}},{"block":"Accounting for Costs of Activities that Include Fundraising","heading":null,"paragraphs":[{"citation":"720-958-05-5","para":"05-5","html":"<div class=\"asc-body\"><div class=\"norm-text\"><span class=\"sfragment\" id=\"sfr_3BF80B8B-6E93-1014-A13F-6E4B94C84136\"><span class=\"sfragment-source\">The Accounting for Costs of Activities that Include Fundraising Subsections provide guidance for reporting costs as program or management and general in circumstances in which those <a href=\"/glossary/a/#activities\" class=\"term\" title=\"Activities are efforts to accomplish specific objectives. Some activities include producing and distributing materials. For example, if a not-for-profit entity (NFP) undertakes a mass mailing that includes a letter and a pamphlet, producing and distributing the letter and pamphlet are part of the activity. Other activities may include no materials, such as an annual dinner or a radio commercial.\"><span>activities</span></a> are combined with <a href=\"/glossary/f/#fundraising-activities\" class=\"term\" title=\"Activities undertaken to induce potential donors to contribute money, securities, services, materials, facilities, other assets, or time.\"><span>fundraising activities</span></a>. </span></span><span class=\"sfragment\" id=\"sfr_3BF80CB2-6E93-1014-A13F-6E4B94C84136\"><span class=\"sfragment-source\">Some <a href=\"/glossary/n/#not-for-profit-entity\" class=\"term\" title=\"An entity that possesses the following characteristics, in varying degrees, that distinguish it from a business entity: Contributions of significant amounts of resources from resource providers who do not expect commensurate or proportionate pecuniary return Operating purposes other than to provide goods or services at a profit Absence of ownership interests like those of business entities. Entities that clearly fall outside this definition include the following: All investor-owned entities Entities that provide dividends, lower costs, or other economic benefits directly and proportionately to their owners, members, or participants, such as mutual insurance entities, credit unions, farm and rural electric cooperatives, and employee benefit plans.\"><span>not-for-profit entities</span></a> (NFPs) solicit support through a variety of fundraising activities, including the following: </span></span><ol class=\"ol-norm\"><li class=\"li-norm\"><span class=\"linum\">a</span><div class=\"p\"><span class=\"sfragment\" id=\"sfr_3BF80D98-6E93-1014-A13F-6E4B94C84136\"><span class=\"sfragment-source\">Direct mail </span></span></div></li><li class=\"li-norm\"><span class=\"linum\">b</span><div class=\"p\"><span class=\"sfragment\" id=\"sfr_3BF80E73-6E93-1014-A13F-6E4B94C84136\"><span class=\"sfragment-source\">Telephone solicitation </span></span></div></li><li class=\"li-norm\"><span class=\"linum\">c</span><div class=\"p\"><span class=\"sfragment\" id=\"sfr_3BF80F6D-6E93-1014-A13F-6E4B94C84136\"><span class=\"sfragment-source\">Door-to-door canvassing </span></span></div></li><li class=\"li-norm\"><span class=\"linum\">d</span><div class=\"p\"><span class=\"sfragment\" id=\"sfr_3BF81045-6E93-1014-A13F-6E4B94C84136\"><span class=\"sfragment-source\">Telethons </span></span></div></li><li class=\"li-norm\"><span class=\"linum\">e</span><div class=\"p\"><span class=\"sfragment\" id=\"sfr_3BF81115-6E93-1014-A13F-6E4B94C84136\"><span class=\"sfragment-source\">Special events </span></span></div></li><li class=\"li-norm\"><span class=\"linum\">f</span><div class=\"p\"><span class=\"sfragment\" id=\"sfr_3BF811DE-6E93-1014-A13F-6E4B94C84136\"><span class=\"sfragment-source\">Others. </span></span></div></li></ol><span class=\"sfragment\" id=\"sfr_3BF812BA-6E93-1014-A13F-6E4B94C84136\"><span class=\"sfragment-source\">Sometimes fundraising activities are conducted with activities related to other functions, such as program activities or supporting services, such as <a href=\"/glossary/m/#management-and-general-activities\" class=\"term\" title=\"Supporting activities that are not directly identifiable with one or more program, fundraising, or membership-development activities.\"><span>management and general activities</span></a>. Sometimes fundraising activities include components that would otherwise be associated with program or supporting services, but in fact support fundraising. </span></span><span class=\"sfragment\" id=\"sfr_3BF8139E-6E93-1014-A13F-6E4B94C84136\"><span class=\"sfragment-source\">The Accounting for Costs of Activities that Include Fundraising Subsections establish financial accounting standards for accounting for costs of those joint activities and require financial statement disclosures about the nature of the activities for which <a href=\"/glossary/j/#joint-costs\" class=\"term\" title=\"The costs of conducting joint activities that are not identifiable with a particular component of the activity. For example, the cost of postage for a letter that includes both fundraising and program components is a joint cost. Joint costs may include the following costs: Salaries Contract labor Consultants Professional fees Paper Printing Postage Event advertising Telephones Airtime Facility rentals.\"><span>joint costs</span></a> have been allocated and the amounts of joint costs. </span></span></div></div>","snippet":"The Accounting for Costs of Activities that Include Fundraising Subsections provide guidance for reporting costs as program or management and general in circumstances in which those activities are combined with fundraisi…","pending":false,"provenance":{"source_url":"https://asc.fasb.org/","snapshot_version":"sha256:15aea8165dff9f5ae47d9484f8470588b13b307f56e1d50801bf4d85ec190e3f","record_version":"sha256:5aaeadf93abe677c2954c22119b41cec58c9d98dd03b327fed3b7f3d1aaeeab6","downloaded_from":"2026-09-10T01:13:01.081Z","last_downloaded_at":"2026-09-10T01:13:01.081Z","date_scope":"source_page","effective_as_of":null,"effective_as_of_status":"Not established by retrieval timestamps","source_key":"1943274/2147477736","source_sha256":"12d361c6a42f18d72ec989388817b750def034daca96553a66d2ff29bb459ffd"}},{"citation":"720-958-05-6","para":"05-6","html":"<div class=\"asc-body\"><div class=\"norm-text\"><span class=\"sfragment\" id=\"sfr_3BF81474-6E93-1014-A13F-6E4B94C84136\"><span class=\"sfragment-source\">The functional classifications of fundraising, program, and management and general are discussed throughout the Accounting for Costs of Activities that Include Fundraising Subsections for purposes of illustrating how the guidance in these Subsections would be applied by NFPs that use those functional classifications. </span></span><span class=\"sfragment\" id=\"sfr_3BF81542-6E93-1014-A13F-6E4B94C84136\"><span class=\"sfragment-source\">Some entities have a functional structure that does not include fundraising, program, or management and general, or that includes other functional classifications, such as membership development. </span></span><span class=\"sfragment\" id=\"sfr_3BF81601-6E93-1014-A13F-6E4B94C84136\"><span class=\"sfragment-source\">Use of those functional classifications is not intended to require reporting the functional classifications of fundraising, program, and management and general. </span></span></div></div>","snippet":"The functional classifications of fundraising, program, and management and general are discussed throughout the Accounting for Costs of Activities that Include Fundraising Subsections for purposes of illustrating how the…","pending":false,"provenance":{"source_url":"https://asc.fasb.org/","snapshot_version":"sha256:15aea8165dff9f5ae47d9484f8470588b13b307f56e1d50801bf4d85ec190e3f","record_version":"sha256:fc24c20acfb576b0ea909aab9eeb6add5e4176bd2a2d20bd8dc0360c9abfc4ef","downloaded_from":"2026-09-10T01:13:01.081Z","last_downloaded_at":"2026-09-10T01:13:01.081Z","date_scope":"source_page","effective_as_of":null,"effective_as_of_status":"Not established by retrieval timestamps","source_key":"1943274/2147477736","source_sha256":"12d361c6a42f18d72ec989388817b750def034daca96553a66d2ff29bb459ffd"}}],"provenance":{"source_url":"https://asc.fasb.org/","snapshot_version":"sha256:15aea8165dff9f5ae47d9484f8470588b13b307f56e1d50801bf4d85ec190e3f","record_version":"sha256:30e111fe50950bda26dfdb2211b20a5c96c2959cd422c9b1503985bfa6a53f5f","downloaded_from":"2026-09-10T01:13:01.081Z","last_downloaded_at":"2026-09-10T01:13:01.081Z","date_scope":"source_page","effective_as_of":null,"effective_as_of_status":"Not established by retrieval timestamps","source_key":"1943274/2147477736","source_sha256":"12d361c6a42f18d72ec989388817b750def034daca96553a66d2ff29bb459ffd"}},{"block":"Services Received from Personnel of an Affiliate","heading":null,"paragraphs":[{"citation":"720-958-05-7","para":"05-7","html":"<div class=\"asc-body\"><div class=\"norm-text\"><span class=\"sfragment\" id=\"sfr_3C03B2DE-6E93-1014-A13F-6E4B94C84136\"><span class=\"sfragment-source\">The Services Received from Personnel of an Affiliate Subsections provide guidance for reporting services received by a <a href=\"/glossary/n/#not-for-profit-entity\" class=\"term\" title=\"An entity that possesses the following characteristics, in varying degrees, that distinguish it from a business entity: Contributions of significant amounts of resources from resource providers who do not expect commensurate or proportionate pecuniary return Operating purposes other than to provide goods or services at a profit Absence of ownership interests like those of business entities. Entities that clearly fall outside this definition include the following: All investor-owned entities Entities that provide dividends, lower costs, or other economic benefits directly and proportionately to their owners, members, or participants, such as mutual insurance entities, credit unions, farm and rural electric cooperatives, and employee benefit plans.\"><span>not-for-profit entity</span></a> (NFP) from personnel of an <a href=\"/glossary/a/#affiliate\" class=\"term\" title=\"A party that, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with an entity. See Control.\"><span>affiliate</span></a> that directly benefit the recipient NFP and for which the affiliate does not charge the recipient NFP. Charging the recipient NFP means requiring payment from the recipient NFP at least for the approximate amount of the direct personnel costs (for example, compensation and any payroll-related fringe benefits) incurred by the affiliate in providing a service to the recipient NFP or the approximate fair value of that service. </span></span></div></div>","snippet":"The Services Received from Personnel of an Affiliate Subsections provide guidance for reporting services received by a not-for-profit entity (NFP) from personnel of an affiliate that directly benefit the recipient NFP an…","pending":false,"provenance":{"source_url":"https://asc.fasb.org/","snapshot_version":"sha256:15aea8165dff9f5ae47d9484f8470588b13b307f56e1d50801bf4d85ec190e3f","record_version":"sha256:997858e94ba702b7127c7b9eaf4278fbd1a84ab3b1304b12365b9a55daa1af98","downloaded_from":"2026-09-10T01:13:01.081Z","last_downloaded_at":"2026-09-10T01:13:01.081Z","date_scope":"source_page","effective_as_of":null,"effective_as_of_status":"Not established by retrieval timestamps","source_key":"1943274/2147477736","source_sha256":"12d361c6a42f18d72ec989388817b750def034daca96553a66d2ff29bb459ffd"}}],"provenance":{"source_url":"https://asc.fasb.org/","snapshot_version":"sha256:15aea8165dff9f5ae47d9484f8470588b13b307f56e1d50801bf4d85ec190e3f","record_version":"sha256:3d91362b71f13658e5dda3c0240b596e4ff0803cdec485bcc58ed8e734f3c3b5","downloaded_from":"2026-09-10T01:13:01.081Z","last_downloaded_at":"2026-09-10T01:13:01.081Z","date_scope":"source_page","effective_as_of":null,"effective_as_of_status":"Not established by retrieval timestamps","source_key":"1943274/2147477736","source_sha256":"12d361c6a42f18d72ec989388817b750def034daca96553a66d2ff29bb459ffd"}}],"provenance":{"source_url":"https://asc.fasb.org/","snapshot_version":"sha256:15aea8165dff9f5ae47d9484f8470588b13b307f56e1d50801bf4d85ec190e3f","record_version":"sha256:7a88cb4352b4a16f4ed6f1fd8bfba1ba43b633a6e8f5a5692cde1d961eeae973","downloaded_from":"2026-09-10T01:13:01.081Z","last_downloaded_at":"2026-09-10T01:13:01.081Z","date_scope":"source_page","effective_as_of":null,"effective_as_of_status":"Not established by retrieval timestamps","source_key":"1943274/2147477736","source_sha256":"12d361c6a42f18d72ec989388817b750def034daca96553a66d2ff29bb459ffd"}},"provenance":{"source_url":"https://asc.fasb.org/","snapshot_version":"sha256:15aea8165dff9f5ae47d9484f8470588b13b307f56e1d50801bf4d85ec190e3f","record_version":"sha256:7a88cb4352b4a16f4ed6f1fd8bfba1ba43b633a6e8f5a5692cde1d961eeae973","downloaded_from":"2026-09-10T01:13:01.081Z","last_downloaded_at":"2026-09-10T01:13:01.081Z","date_scope":"source_page","effective_as_of":null,"effective_as_of_status":"Not established by retrieval timestamps","source_key":"1943274/2147477736","source_sha256":"12d361c6a42f18d72ec989388817b750def034daca96553a66d2ff29bb459ffd"}}