{"schema_version":2,"canonical_url":"https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/852/10/#05-overview-and-background","source":"FASB Accounting Standards Codification, Basic View","usage":"Study and research edition. Verify current requirements with the official source. Summaries, enrichment, and tags are machine-generated study aids. Paragraph html preserves source markup; snippet is abbreviated. Pending content is not necessarily effective.","topic":"852","topic_title":"Reorganizations","subtopic":"852-10","subtopic_title":"Overall","section":{"number":"05","label":"05 Overview and Background","anchor":"05-overview-and-background","is_sec":false,"groups":[{"block":null,"heading":null,"paragraphs":[{"citation":"852-10-05-1","para":"05-1","html":"<div class=\"asc-body\"><div class=\"norm-text\">The Reorganizations Topic includes the following Subtopics:<ol class=\"ol-norm\"><li class=\"li-norm\"><span class=\"linum\">a</span><div class=\"p\">Overall</div></li><li class=\"li-norm\"><span class=\"linum\">b</span><div class=\"p\">Quasi-Reorganizations</div></li><li class=\"li-norm\"><span class=\"linum\">c</span><div class=\"p\">Income Taxes.</div></li></ol></div></div>","snippet":"The Reorganizations Topic includes the following Subtopics:\n(a) Overall\n(b) Quasi-Reorganizations\n(c) Income Taxes.","pending":false,"provenance":{"source_url":"https://asc.fasb.org/","snapshot_version":"sha256:15aea8165dff9f5ae47d9484f8470588b13b307f56e1d50801bf4d85ec190e3f","record_version":"sha256:4e8ef81f172250f86386391e3e0d216c534f73b32a8972a8789529af64be48c4","downloaded_from":"2026-09-10T02:02:55.129Z","last_downloaded_at":"2026-09-10T02:02:55.129Z","date_scope":"source_page","effective_as_of":null,"effective_as_of_status":"Not established by retrieval timestamps","source_key":"1943274/2147481181","source_sha256":"ec3c092fd6c62d6b638bba79eb2b2b5b277d9b918baf313a526b5666c27ecaa1"}},{"citation":"852-10-05-2","para":"05-2","html":"<div class=\"asc-body\"><div class=\"norm-text\">This Subtopic addresses the accounting and financial statement disclosure for entities that have filed petitions with the <a href=\"/glossary/b/#bankruptcy-court\" class=\"term\" title=\"The United States Bankruptcy Court is an adjunct of the United States District Courts. Under the jurisdiction of the District Court, the Bankruptcy Court is generally responsible for cases filed under Chapters 7, 11, 12, and 13 of the Bankruptcy Code.\"><span>Bankruptcy Court</span></a> and expect to reorganize as going concerns under Chapter 11 of the <a href=\"/glossary/b/#bankruptcy-code\" class=\"term\" title=\"A federal statute, enacted October 1, 1979, as title 11 of the United States Code by the Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978, that applies to all cases filed on or after its enactment and that provides the basis for the current federal bankruptcy system.\"><span>Bankruptcy Code</span></a>. This Subtopic necessarily contains many references to provisions of the Bankruptcy Code; however, the material in this Subtopic should not be relied upon as definitive interpretations of the law for any purposes. The accounting and reporting guidance in this Subtopic is incremental to guidance that otherwise applies to an entity.</div></div>","snippet":"This Subtopic addresses the accounting and financial statement disclosure for entities that have filed petitions with the Bankruptcy Court and expect to reorganize as going concerns under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Cod…","pending":false,"provenance":{"source_url":"https://asc.fasb.org/","snapshot_version":"sha256:15aea8165dff9f5ae47d9484f8470588b13b307f56e1d50801bf4d85ec190e3f","record_version":"sha256:6ae6a6a289395352208a051129d353c925a4ac98f0f691ff15d50c8f7a8b731a","downloaded_from":"2026-09-10T02:02:55.129Z","last_downloaded_at":"2026-09-10T02:02:55.129Z","date_scope":"source_page","effective_as_of":null,"effective_as_of_status":"Not established by retrieval timestamps","source_key":"1943274/2147481181","source_sha256":"ec3c092fd6c62d6b638bba79eb2b2b5b277d9b918baf313a526b5666c27ecaa1"}},{"citation":"852-10-05-3","para":"05-3","html":"<div class=\"asc-body\"><div class=\"norm-text\"><span class=\"sfragment\" id=\"sfr_EC855953-6E92-1014-A13F-6E4B94C84136\"><span class=\"sfragment-source\">An entity enters reorganization under <a href=\"/glossary/c/#chapter-11\" class=\"term\" title=\"A reorganization action, either voluntarily or involuntarily initiated under the provisions of the Bankruptcy Code, that provides for a reorganization of the debt and equity structure of the business and allows the business to continue operations. A debtor may also file a plan of liquidation under Chapter 11.\"><span>Chapter 11</span></a> by filing a <a href=\"/glossary/p/#petition\" class=\"term\" title=\"A document filed in a court of bankruptcy, initiating proceedings under the Bankruptcy Code.\"><span>petition</span></a> with the Bankruptcy Court, an adjunct of the United States District Courts. The filing of the petition starts the <a href=\"/glossary/r/#reorganization-proceeding\" class=\"term\" title=\"A Chapter 11 case from the time at which the petition is filed until the plan is confirmed.\"><span>reorganization proceeding</span></a>. The goal of the proceeding is to maximize recovery by creditors and shareholders by preserving it as a viable entity with a going concern value. For that purpose, the entity prepares a <a href=\"/glossary/p/#plan-of-reorganization\" class=\"term\" title=\"An agreement formulated in Chapter 11 proceedings under the supervision of the Bankruptcy Court that enables the debtor to continue in business. The plan, once confirmed, may affect the rights of undersecured creditors, secured creditors, and stockholders as well as those of unsecured creditors. Before a plan is confirmed by the Bankruptcy Court, it must comply with general provisions of the Bankruptcy Code. Those provisions mandate, for example, that the plan is feasible, the plan is in the best interest of the creditors, and, if an impaired class does not accept the plan, the plan must be determined to be fair and equitable before it can be confirmed.\"><span>plan of reorganization</span></a> intended to be confirmed by the court. The plan provides for treatment of all the assets and liabilities of the debtor, which might result in forgiveness of indebtedness. For the plan to be confirmed and the reorganization proceedings thereby concluded, the consideration to be received by parties in interest under the plan must exceed the consideration they would otherwise receive on liquidation of the entity under Chapter 7 of the Bankruptcy Code. The court may confirm a plan even if some classes of creditors or some of the stockholders have not accepted it, provided that it meets standards of fairness required by Chapter 11 to the dissenting class of creditors or the dissenting stockholders. </span></span></div></div>","snippet":"An entity enters reorganization under Chapter 11 by filing a petition with the Bankruptcy Court, an adjunct of the United States District Courts. The filing of the petition starts the reorganization proceeding. The goal …","pending":false,"provenance":{"source_url":"https://asc.fasb.org/","snapshot_version":"sha256:15aea8165dff9f5ae47d9484f8470588b13b307f56e1d50801bf4d85ec190e3f","record_version":"sha256:7170f19d8f79ea66ad28e51782ee338a8210c74c83488a806c070c9c7051bfec","downloaded_from":"2026-09-10T02:02:55.129Z","last_downloaded_at":"2026-09-10T02:02:55.129Z","date_scope":"source_page","effective_as_of":null,"effective_as_of_status":"Not established by retrieval timestamps","source_key":"1943274/2147481181","source_sha256":"ec3c092fd6c62d6b638bba79eb2b2b5b277d9b918baf313a526b5666c27ecaa1"}},{"citation":"852-10-05-4","para":"05-4","html":"<div class=\"asc-body\"><div class=\"norm-text\"><span class=\"sfragment\" id=\"sfr_EC855B68-6E92-1014-A13F-6E4B94C84136\"><span class=\"sfragment-source\">The plan is the heart of every Chapter 11 reorganization. The provisions of the plan specify the treatment of all creditors and equity holders upon its approval by the Bankruptcy Court. Moreover, the plan shapes the financial structure of the entity that emerges. </span></span></div></div>","snippet":"The plan is the heart of every Chapter 11 reorganization. The provisions of the plan specify the treatment of all creditors and equity holders upon its approval by the Bankruptcy Court. Moreover, the plan shapes the fina…","pending":false,"provenance":{"source_url":"https://asc.fasb.org/","snapshot_version":"sha256:15aea8165dff9f5ae47d9484f8470588b13b307f56e1d50801bf4d85ec190e3f","record_version":"sha256:0dd13eb30188c0ebbeb78c26573e823d17dec9f26939272cc71b20fef73d3e5b","downloaded_from":"2026-09-10T02:02:55.129Z","last_downloaded_at":"2026-09-10T02:02:55.129Z","date_scope":"source_page","effective_as_of":null,"effective_as_of_status":"Not established by retrieval timestamps","source_key":"1943274/2147481181","source_sha256":"ec3c092fd6c62d6b638bba79eb2b2b5b277d9b918baf313a526b5666c27ecaa1"}},{"citation":"852-10-05-5","para":"05-5","html":"<div class=\"asc-body\"><div class=\"norm-text\"><span class=\"sfragment\" id=\"sfr_EC855D1C-6E92-1014-A13F-6E4B94C84136\"><span class=\"sfragment-source\">Chapter 11 provides that, unless a <a href=\"/glossary/t/#trustee\" class=\"term\" title=\"A person appointed by the Bankruptcy Court in certain situations based on the facts of the case, not related to the size of the entity or the amount of unsecured debt outstanding, at the request of a party in interest after a notice and hearing.\"><span>trustee</span></a> is appointed, the debtor has the exclusive right to file a plan for the first 120 days of the case, or such longer or shorter time as the Bankruptcy Court decrees, for cause. If a plan is filed within the exclusive period, additional time is provided to allow the debtor to obtain plan acceptance. The appointment of the trustee immediately terminates the debtor's exclusive right to file a plan, and any party in interest may then do so. </span></span></div></div>","snippet":"Chapter 11 provides that, unless a trustee is appointed, the debtor has the exclusive right to file a plan for the first 120 days of the case, or such longer or shorter time as the Bankruptcy Court decrees, for cause. If…","pending":false,"provenance":{"source_url":"https://asc.fasb.org/","snapshot_version":"sha256:15aea8165dff9f5ae47d9484f8470588b13b307f56e1d50801bf4d85ec190e3f","record_version":"sha256:27acdd67a0c9db7fbf5d88ae065d824ee98c6d0b80540c4c04e33af2dd3220e3","downloaded_from":"2026-09-10T02:02:55.129Z","last_downloaded_at":"2026-09-10T02:02:55.129Z","date_scope":"source_page","effective_as_of":null,"effective_as_of_status":"Not established by retrieval timestamps","source_key":"1943274/2147481181","source_sha256":"ec3c092fd6c62d6b638bba79eb2b2b5b277d9b918baf313a526b5666c27ecaa1"}},{"citation":"852-10-05-6","para":"05-6","html":"<div class=\"asc-body\"><div class=\"norm-text\"><span class=\"sfragment\" id=\"sfr_EC855EB6-6E92-1014-A13F-6E4B94C84136\"><span class=\"sfragment-source\">Except to the extent that specific debts are determined by the Bankruptcy Court not to be discharged by the plan, the provisions of a <a href=\"/glossary/c/#confirmed-plan\" class=\"term\" title=\"An official approval by the court of a plan of reorganization under a Chapter 11 proceeding that makes the plan binding on the debtors and creditors. Before a plan is confirmed, it must satisfy 11 requirements in section 1129(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\"><span>confirmed plan</span></a> bind the debtor, any entity issuing securities under the plan, any entity acquiring assets under the plan, and any creditor, equity security holder, or general partner in the debtor, regardless of whether the <a href=\"/glossary/c/#claim\" class=\"term\" title=\"As defined by Section 101(4) of the Bankruptcy Code, a right to payment, regardless of whether the right is reduced to judgment, liquidated, unliquidated, fixed, contingent, matured, unmatured, disputed, undisputed, legal, secured, or unsecured, or a right to an equitable remedy for breach of performance if such breach results in a right to payment, regardless of whether the right is reduced to a fixed, contingent, matured, unmatured, disputed, undisputed, secured, or unsecured right.\"><span>claim</span></a> is impaired under the plan and whether such creditor, equity security holder, or general partner has accepted the plan. A claim is impaired if, subject to certain rights to cure defaults, its legal rights are affected adversely by the plan. </span></span></div></div>","snippet":"Except to the extent that specific debts are determined by the Bankruptcy Court not to be discharged by the plan, the provisions of a confirmed plan bind the debtor, any entity issuing securities under the plan, any enti…","pending":false,"provenance":{"source_url":"https://asc.fasb.org/","snapshot_version":"sha256:15aea8165dff9f5ae47d9484f8470588b13b307f56e1d50801bf4d85ec190e3f","record_version":"sha256:87611302f00a10589dc017138318e26a8722adf6344a59c9465323bf01decaf5","downloaded_from":"2026-09-10T02:02:55.129Z","last_downloaded_at":"2026-09-10T02:02:55.129Z","date_scope":"source_page","effective_as_of":null,"effective_as_of_status":"Not established by retrieval timestamps","source_key":"1943274/2147481181","source_sha256":"ec3c092fd6c62d6b638bba79eb2b2b5b277d9b918baf313a526b5666c27ecaa1"}},{"citation":"852-10-05-7","para":"05-7","html":"<div class=\"asc-body\"><div class=\"norm-text\"><span class=\"sfragment\" id=\"sfr_EC856069-6E92-1014-A13F-6E4B94C84136\"><span class=\"sfragment-source\">In general, except as provided in the plan or in the order confirming the plan, confirmation of the plan discharges the debtor from all preconfirmation claims and terminates all rights and interest of equity security holders or general partners as provided for in the plan. </span></span></div></div>","snippet":"In general, except as provided in the plan or in the order confirming the plan, confirmation of the plan discharges the debtor from all preconfirmation claims and terminates all rights and interest of equity security hol…","pending":false,"provenance":{"source_url":"https://asc.fasb.org/","snapshot_version":"sha256:15aea8165dff9f5ae47d9484f8470588b13b307f56e1d50801bf4d85ec190e3f","record_version":"sha256:7aa53606e06167e2411d830a5dce7a96b2c560f830c129328ce0416217f806cb","downloaded_from":"2026-09-10T02:02:55.129Z","last_downloaded_at":"2026-09-10T02:02:55.129Z","date_scope":"source_page","effective_as_of":null,"effective_as_of_status":"Not established by retrieval timestamps","source_key":"1943274/2147481181","source_sha256":"ec3c092fd6c62d6b638bba79eb2b2b5b277d9b918baf313a526b5666c27ecaa1"}},{"citation":"852-10-05-8","para":"05-8","html":"<div class=\"asc-body\"><div class=\"norm-text\"><span class=\"sfragment\" id=\"sfr_EC856214-6E92-1014-A13F-6E4B94C84136\"><span class=\"sfragment-source\">The Bankruptcy Court confirms a plan if it finds all of the following: </span></span><ol class=\"ol-norm\"><li class=\"li-norm\"><span class=\"linum\">a</span><div class=\"p\"><span class=\"sfragment\" id=\"sfr_EC85638F-6E92-1014-A13F-6E4B94C84136\"><span class=\"sfragment-source\">The plan and the plan proponent have complied with various technical requirements of the Bankruptcy Code. </span></span></div></li><li class=\"li-norm\"><span class=\"linum\">b</span><div class=\"p\"><span class=\"sfragment\" id=\"sfr_EC856521-6E92-1014-A13F-6E4B94C84136\"><span class=\"sfragment-source\">Disclosures made in soliciting acceptance of the plan have been adequate. </span></span></div></li><li class=\"li-norm\"><span class=\"linum\">c</span><div class=\"p\"><span class=\"sfragment\" id=\"sfr_EC8566E0-6E92-1014-A13F-6E4B94C84136\"><span class=\"sfragment-source\">Dissenting members of <a href=\"/glossary/c/#consenting-classes\" class=\"term\" title=\"Classes of creditors or stockholders that approve the proposed plan.\"><span>consenting classes</span></a> of <a href=\"/glossary/i/#impaired-claims\" class=\"term\" title=\"In determining which class of creditors' claims or stockholders' interests must approve the plan, it is first necessary to determine if the class is impaired. A class of creditors' claims or stockholders' interests under a plan is not impaired if the plan leaves unaltered the legal, equitable, and contractual right of a class, cures defaults that lead to acceleration of debt or equity interest, or pays in cash the full amount of the claim, or for equity interests, the greater of the fixed liquidation preference or redemption price.\"><span>impaired claims</span></a> would receive under the plan at least the amount they would have received under a <a href=\"/glossary/c/#chapter-7\" class=\"term\" title=\"A liquidation, voluntarily or involuntarily initiated under the provisions of the Bankruptcy Code, that provides for liquidation of the business or the debtor's estate.\"><span>Chapter 7</span></a> proceeding. </span></span></div></li><li class=\"li-norm\"><span class=\"linum\">d</span><div class=\"p\"><span class=\"sfragment\" id=\"sfr_EC856897-6E92-1014-A13F-6E4B94C84136\"><span class=\"sfragment-source\">Claims entitled to priority under the Bankruptcy Code will be paid in cash. </span></span></div></li><li class=\"li-norm\"><span class=\"linum\">e</span><div class=\"p\"><span class=\"sfragment\" id=\"sfr_EC856A26-6E92-1014-A13F-6E4B94C84136\"><span class=\"sfragment-source\">Confirmation of the plan is not likely to be followed by liquidation or further reorganization. </span></span></div></li><li class=\"li-norm\"><span class=\"linum\">f</span><div class=\"p\"><span class=\"sfragment\" id=\"sfr_EC856BB2-6E92-1014-A13F-6E4B94C84136\"><span class=\"sfragment-source\">At least one class of impaired claims, apart from insiders, has accepted the plan. </span></span></div></li><li class=\"li-norm\"><span class=\"linum\">g</span><div class=\"p\"><span class=\"sfragment\" id=\"sfr_EC856D38-6E92-1014-A13F-6E4B94C84136\"><span class=\"sfragment-source\">The plan proponent has obtained the consent of all impaired classes of claims or equity securities, or the plan proponent can comply with the <a href=\"/glossary/c/#cram-down-provisions\" class=\"term\" title=\"Provisions requiring that for a plan to be confirmed, a class of claims or interests must either accept the plan or not be impaired. However, the Bankruptcy Code allows the Bankruptcy Court under certain conditions to confirm a plan even though an impaired class has not accepted the plan. To do so, the plan must not discriminate unfairly and must be fair and equitable to each class of claims or interests impaired under the plan that have not accepted it. The Bankruptcy Code states examples of conditions for secured claims, unsecured claims, and stockholder interests in the fair and equitable requirement.\"><span>cram-down provisions</span></a> of the Bankruptcy Code. Under the cram-down provisions, the court may confirm a plan even if one or more classes of holders of impaired claims or equity securities do not accept it, as long as the court finds the plan does not discriminate unfairly and is fair and equitable to each <a href=\"/glossary/n/#nonconsenting-class\" class=\"term\" title=\"A class of creditors or stockholders that does not approve the proposed plan.\"><span>nonconsenting class</span></a> impaired by the plan. </span></span></div></li></ol></div></div>","snippet":"The Bankruptcy Court confirms a plan if it finds all of the following:\n(a) The plan and the plan proponent have complied with various technical requirements of the Bankruptcy Code.\n(b) Disclosures made in soliciting acce…","pending":false,"provenance":{"source_url":"https://asc.fasb.org/","snapshot_version":"sha256:15aea8165dff9f5ae47d9484f8470588b13b307f56e1d50801bf4d85ec190e3f","record_version":"sha256:580b08c5691890b50bcbc4ee51c55c1b25bd8d9646c40ae7d4873503374381cf","downloaded_from":"2026-09-10T02:02:55.129Z","last_downloaded_at":"2026-09-10T02:02:55.129Z","date_scope":"source_page","effective_as_of":null,"effective_as_of_status":"Not established by retrieval timestamps","source_key":"1943274/2147481181","source_sha256":"ec3c092fd6c62d6b638bba79eb2b2b5b277d9b918baf313a526b5666c27ecaa1"}},{"citation":"852-10-05-9","para":"05-9","html":"<div class=\"asc-body\"><div class=\"norm-text\"><span class=\"sfragment\" id=\"sfr_EC856ED4-6E92-1014-A13F-6E4B94C84136\"><span class=\"sfragment-source\">In general, a <a href=\"/glossary/s/#secured-claim\" class=\"term\" title=\"A liability that is secured by collateral. A fully secured claim is one in which the value of the collateral is greater than the amount of the claim.\"><span>secured claim</span></a> is deemed to be treated fairly and equitably if it remains adequately collateralized and will receive a stream of payments whose discounted value equals the amount of the secured claim on the effective date of the plan. In general, an <a href=\"/glossary/u/#unsecured-claim\" class=\"term\" title=\"A liability that is not secured by collateral. In the case of an undersecured creditor, the excess of the secured claim over the value of the collateral is an unsecured claim, unless the debtor elects in a Chapter 11 proceeding to have the entire claim considered secured. The term is generally used in bankruptcy to refer to unsecured claims that do not receive priority under the Bankruptcy Code. Sometimes referred to as an unsecured claim liability.\"><span>unsecured claim</span></a> is deemed to be treated fairly and equitably if it receives assets whose discounted value equals the allowed amount of the claim, or if the holder of any claim or equity security interest that is junior to the dissenting class will not receive or retain any assets under the plan. Similarly, an equity security interest is deemed fairly and equitably treated if that interest receives assets whose discounted value equals the greatest of any fixed liquidation preference, any fixed redemption price, or the value of such interest, or if no junior equity security interest will receive any assets under the plan. </span></span></div></div>","snippet":"In general, a secured claim is deemed to be treated fairly and equitably if it remains adequately collateralized and will receive a stream of payments whose discounted value equals the amount of the secured claim on the …","pending":false,"provenance":{"source_url":"https://asc.fasb.org/","snapshot_version":"sha256:15aea8165dff9f5ae47d9484f8470588b13b307f56e1d50801bf4d85ec190e3f","record_version":"sha256:b567ef55a2c2fd9f9ecf6c318fdfed332a25984d53eef56a9b851e8703164fb9","downloaded_from":"2026-09-10T02:02:55.129Z","last_downloaded_at":"2026-09-10T02:02:55.129Z","date_scope":"source_page","effective_as_of":null,"effective_as_of_status":"Not established by retrieval timestamps","source_key":"1943274/2147481181","source_sha256":"ec3c092fd6c62d6b638bba79eb2b2b5b277d9b918baf313a526b5666c27ecaa1"}}],"provenance":{"source_url":"https://asc.fasb.org/","snapshot_version":"sha256:15aea8165dff9f5ae47d9484f8470588b13b307f56e1d50801bf4d85ec190e3f","record_version":"sha256:8752df2d338e9de0ab2485f7d5119e6b32e7124245bcc4a928d6f0ad611c63c2","downloaded_from":"2026-09-10T02:02:55.129Z","last_downloaded_at":"2026-09-10T02:02:55.129Z","date_scope":"source_page","effective_as_of":null,"effective_as_of_status":"Not established by retrieval timestamps","source_key":"1943274/2147481181","source_sha256":"ec3c092fd6c62d6b638bba79eb2b2b5b277d9b918baf313a526b5666c27ecaa1"}},{"block":null,"heading":"Reorganization Value","paragraphs":[{"citation":"852-10-05-10","para":"05-10","html":"<div class=\"asc-body\"><div class=\"norm-text\"><span class=\"sfragment\" id=\"sfr_EC857066-6E92-1014-A13F-6E4B94C84136\"><span class=\"sfragment-source\">An important part of the process of developing a plan is the determination of the <a href=\"/glossary/r/#reorganization-value\" class=\"term\" title=\"The value attributed to the reconstituted entity, as well as the expected net realizable value of those assets that will be disposed of before reconstitution occurs. Therefore, this value is viewed as the value of the entity before considering liabilities and approximates the amount a willing buyer would pay for the assets of the entity immediately after the restructuring.\"><span>reorganization value</span></a> of the entity that emerges from bankruptcy. Reorganization value generally approximates fair value of the entity before considering liabilities and approximates the amount a willing buyer would pay for the assets of the entity immediately after the restructuring. The reorganization value of an entity is the amount of resources available and to become available for the satisfaction of <a href=\"/glossary/p/#postpetition-liabilities\" class=\"term\" title=\"Liabilities incurred after the filing of a petition that are not associated with prebankruptcy events. Thus, these liabilities are not considered prepetition liabilities.\"><span>postpetition liabilities</span></a> and <a href=\"/glossary/a/#allowed-claim\" class=\"term\" title=\"The amount allowed by the Bankruptcy Court as a claim against the estate. This amount may differ from the actual settlement amount.\"><span>allowed claims</span></a> and interest, as negotiated or litigated between the <a href=\"/glossary/d/#debtor-in-possession\" class=\"term\" title=\"Existing management continuing to operate an entity that has filed a petition under Chapter 11. The debtor-in-possession is allowed to operate the business in all Chapter 11 cases unless the court, for cause, authorizes the appointment of a trustee.\"><span>debtor-in-possession</span></a> or trustee, the creditors, and the holders of equity interests. Reorganization value includes the sum of the value attributed to the reconstituted entity and other assets of the debtor that will not be included in the reconstituted entity. Reorganization value and the terms of the plan are determined only after extensive arm's-length negotiations or litigation between the interested parties. Before the negotiations, the debtor-in-possession, creditors, and equity holders develop their own ideas on the reorganization value of the entity that will emerge from Chapter 11. Several methods are used to determine the reorganization value; however, generally it is determined by discounting future cash flows for the reconstituted business that will emerge from Chapter 11 and from expected proceeds or collections from assets not required in the reconstituted business, at rates reflecting the business and financial risks involved. </span></span></div></div>","snippet":"An important part of the process of developing a plan is the determination of the reorganization value of the entity that emerges from bankruptcy. Reorganization value generally approximates fair value of the entity befo…","pending":false,"provenance":{"source_url":"https://asc.fasb.org/","snapshot_version":"sha256:15aea8165dff9f5ae47d9484f8470588b13b307f56e1d50801bf4d85ec190e3f","record_version":"sha256:65f44fa7335826fb7cd0c286dac875dd5980044daafa8e2388f90dae73c05a61","downloaded_from":"2026-09-10T02:02:55.129Z","last_downloaded_at":"2026-09-10T02:02:55.129Z","date_scope":"source_page","effective_as_of":null,"effective_as_of_status":"Not established by retrieval timestamps","source_key":"1943274/2147481181","source_sha256":"ec3c092fd6c62d6b638bba79eb2b2b5b277d9b918baf313a526b5666c27ecaa1"}}],"provenance":{"source_url":"https://asc.fasb.org/","snapshot_version":"sha256:15aea8165dff9f5ae47d9484f8470588b13b307f56e1d50801bf4d85ec190e3f","record_version":"sha256:769533947023f98edbca0f981bb8db7c4da0018fcafb7bfde0257a14dffb72d6","downloaded_from":"2026-09-10T02:02:55.129Z","last_downloaded_at":"2026-09-10T02:02:55.129Z","date_scope":"source_page","effective_as_of":null,"effective_as_of_status":"Not established by retrieval timestamps","source_key":"1943274/2147481181","source_sha256":"ec3c092fd6c62d6b638bba79eb2b2b5b277d9b918baf313a526b5666c27ecaa1"}},{"block":null,"heading":"The Disclosure Statement","paragraphs":[{"citation":"852-10-05-11","para":"05-11","html":"<div class=\"asc-body\"><div class=\"norm-text\"><span class=\"sfragment\" id=\"sfr_EC8571FC-6E92-1014-A13F-6E4B94C84136\"><span class=\"sfragment-source\">A <a href=\"/glossary/d/#disclosure-statement\" class=\"term\" title=\"A written statement containing information approved as adequate by the court. It is required to be presented by a party before soliciting the acceptance or rejection of a plan of reorganization from creditors and stockholders affected by the plan. Adequate information means information of a kind, and in sufficient detail, as far as is reasonably practicable in light of the nature and history of the debtor and the condition of the debtor's records, that would enable a hypothetical reasonable investor typical of holders of claims or interests of the relevant class to make an informed judgment about the plan.\"><span>disclosure statement</span></a> approved by the court is transmitted to all parties entitled to vote on the plan at or before the time their acceptance of the plan is solicited. The disclosure statement provides information that enables them to make informed judgments about the plan. </span></span></div></div>","snippet":"A disclosure statement approved by the court is transmitted to all parties entitled to vote on the plan at or before the time their acceptance of the plan is solicited. The disclosure statement provides information that …","pending":false,"provenance":{"source_url":"https://asc.fasb.org/","snapshot_version":"sha256:15aea8165dff9f5ae47d9484f8470588b13b307f56e1d50801bf4d85ec190e3f","record_version":"sha256:e38a9fe9f54eafedd041fee536d90b35ffafa0e1e7866a9576c96fd1bee681e1","downloaded_from":"2026-09-10T02:02:55.129Z","last_downloaded_at":"2026-09-10T02:02:55.129Z","date_scope":"source_page","effective_as_of":null,"effective_as_of_status":"Not established by retrieval timestamps","source_key":"1943274/2147481181","source_sha256":"ec3c092fd6c62d6b638bba79eb2b2b5b277d9b918baf313a526b5666c27ecaa1"}},{"citation":"852-10-05-12","para":"05-12","html":"<div class=\"asc-body\"><div class=\"norm-text\"><span class=\"sfragment\" id=\"sfr_EC857368-6E92-1014-A13F-6E4B94C84136\"><span class=\"sfragment-source\">No postpetition solicitation of acceptance of a plan may be made unless by the time of the solicitation a disclosure statement previously approved by the Bankruptcy Court has been sent to those whose acceptance is required. The disclosure statement must contain adequate information, which is defined in the Bankruptcy Code as information that would enable a hypothetical reasonable investor typical of holders of claims or interests of the relevant class to make an informed judgment about the plan, as far as it is reasonably practicable to provide in light of the nature and history of the <a href=\"/glossary/e/#emerging-entity\" class=\"term\" title=\"An entity (sometimes referred to as the reorganized entity), that has had its plan confirmed and begins to operate as a new entity.\"><span>emerging entity</span></a> and the condition of the emerging entity's records. Examples of the kinds of items that may be included in disclosure statements to provide such information include a summary of the reorganization plan, historical and prospective financial information, and a pro forma balance sheet reporting the reorganization value and the capital structure of the emerging entity. </span></span></div></div>","snippet":"No postpetition solicitation of acceptance of a plan may be made unless by the time of the solicitation a disclosure statement previously approved by the Bankruptcy Court has been sent to those whose acceptance is requir…","pending":false,"provenance":{"source_url":"https://asc.fasb.org/","snapshot_version":"sha256:15aea8165dff9f5ae47d9484f8470588b13b307f56e1d50801bf4d85ec190e3f","record_version":"sha256:7adf9c1968e22fae5b158b401a0ba09b219d662190eb602c3dc627b9f9f7a275","downloaded_from":"2026-09-10T02:02:55.129Z","last_downloaded_at":"2026-09-10T02:02:55.129Z","date_scope":"source_page","effective_as_of":null,"effective_as_of_status":"Not established by retrieval timestamps","source_key":"1943274/2147481181","source_sha256":"ec3c092fd6c62d6b638bba79eb2b2b5b277d9b918baf313a526b5666c27ecaa1"}},{"citation":"852-10-05-13","para":"05-13","html":"<div class=\"asc-body\"><div class=\"norm-text\"><span class=\"sfragment\" id=\"sfr_EC8574E2-6E92-1014-A13F-6E4B94C84136\"><span class=\"sfragment-source\">What constitutes adequate information depends on the circumstances of the entity in Chapter 11, the nature of the plan, and the sophistication of the various classes whose acceptance is required. Although a valuation is not required for a Bankruptcy Court's approval of a disclosure statement, the instances in which valuations are not made are generally restricted to those in which the reorganization value of the emerging entity is greater than the liabilities or in which holders of existing voting shares retain more than 50 percent of the emerging entity's voting shares when the entity emerges from reorganization. </span></span></div></div>","snippet":"What constitutes adequate information depends on the circumstances of the entity in Chapter 11, the nature of the plan, and the sophistication of the various classes whose acceptance is required. Although a valuation is …","pending":false,"provenance":{"source_url":"https://asc.fasb.org/","snapshot_version":"sha256:15aea8165dff9f5ae47d9484f8470588b13b307f56e1d50801bf4d85ec190e3f","record_version":"sha256:25dc19de40d974ee946ecdb07ffd1613382162cdea69793295c1fc8cccfff8ad","downloaded_from":"2026-09-10T02:02:55.129Z","last_downloaded_at":"2026-09-10T02:02:55.129Z","date_scope":"source_page","effective_as_of":null,"effective_as_of_status":"Not established by retrieval timestamps","source_key":"1943274/2147481181","source_sha256":"ec3c092fd6c62d6b638bba79eb2b2b5b277d9b918baf313a526b5666c27ecaa1"}},{"citation":"852-10-05-14","para":"05-14","html":"<div class=\"asc-body\"><div class=\"norm-text\"><span class=\"sfragment\" id=\"sfr_EC857652-6E92-1014-A13F-6E4B94C84136\"><span class=\"sfragment-source\">After reorganization proceedings have started, acceptances of a plan may not be solicited by any person without a disclosure statement approved by the court, but acceptances obtained before the proceedings started may be counted if they were solicited in compliance with applicable nonbankruptcy law governing the adequacy of disclosure or there is not any applicable nonbankruptcy law but there was in fact adequate information provided at the time of the prebankruptcy solicitation of acceptances of the plan. </span></span></div></div>","snippet":"After reorganization proceedings have started, acceptances of a plan may not be solicited by any person without a disclosure statement approved by the court, but acceptances obtained before the proceedings started may be…","pending":false,"provenance":{"source_url":"https://asc.fasb.org/","snapshot_version":"sha256:15aea8165dff9f5ae47d9484f8470588b13b307f56e1d50801bf4d85ec190e3f","record_version":"sha256:00926ed759bd46e5cc602d5bf38a8bfa232315c300c788ac6d42264176ca5422","downloaded_from":"2026-09-10T02:02:55.129Z","last_downloaded_at":"2026-09-10T02:02:55.129Z","date_scope":"source_page","effective_as_of":null,"effective_as_of_status":"Not established by retrieval timestamps","source_key":"1943274/2147481181","source_sha256":"ec3c092fd6c62d6b638bba79eb2b2b5b277d9b918baf313a526b5666c27ecaa1"}},{"citation":"852-10-05-15","para":"05-15","html":"<div class=\"asc-body\"><div class=\"norm-text\"><span class=\"sfragment\" id=\"sfr_EC8577BC-6E92-1014-A13F-6E4B94C84136\"><span class=\"sfragment-source\">While the court determines the adequacy of the disclosure statement, entities that expect to adopt fresh-start reporting (see Section <a altsource=\"GUID-5C76BFF4-47C0-451A-8871-F092D4EC4395.ditamap\" class=\"ditamap\">852-10-45</a> for guidance on what is referred to as fresh-start reporting) should report information about the reorganization value in the disclosure statement, so that creditors and stockholders can make an informed judgment about the plan. The most likely place to report the reorganization value is in the pro forma balance sheet that is commonly part of the disclosure statement. Because reorganization value may not have been allocated to individual assets concurrently with the preparation of the pro forma balance sheet included in the disclosure statement in some cases, it may be necessary to include in the pro forma balance sheet a separate line item to reflect the difference of the total reorganization value of the emerging entity over recorded amounts. When possible, reorganization value should be segregated into major categories. </span></span></div></div>","snippet":"While the court determines the adequacy of the disclosure statement, entities that expect to adopt fresh-start reporting (see Section 852-10-45 for guidance on what is referred to as fresh-start reporting) should report …","pending":false,"provenance":{"source_url":"https://asc.fasb.org/","snapshot_version":"sha256:15aea8165dff9f5ae47d9484f8470588b13b307f56e1d50801bf4d85ec190e3f","record_version":"sha256:c4631e6537726739da799b2392e612cc3ab9287fa1e377a888b07c958de39429","downloaded_from":"2026-09-10T02:02:55.129Z","last_downloaded_at":"2026-09-10T02:02:55.129Z","date_scope":"source_page","effective_as_of":null,"effective_as_of_status":"Not established by retrieval timestamps","source_key":"1943274/2147481181","source_sha256":"ec3c092fd6c62d6b638bba79eb2b2b5b277d9b918baf313a526b5666c27ecaa1"}}],"provenance":{"source_url":"https://asc.fasb.org/","snapshot_version":"sha256:15aea8165dff9f5ae47d9484f8470588b13b307f56e1d50801bf4d85ec190e3f","record_version":"sha256:52365d5bfb28ccb67aaccc4c7e818ce190cf4e498648082f837513003310e35d","downloaded_from":"2026-09-10T02:02:55.129Z","last_downloaded_at":"2026-09-10T02:02:55.129Z","date_scope":"source_page","effective_as_of":null,"effective_as_of_status":"Not established by retrieval timestamps","source_key":"1943274/2147481181","source_sha256":"ec3c092fd6c62d6b638bba79eb2b2b5b277d9b918baf313a526b5666c27ecaa1"}},{"block":null,"heading":"The Financial Reporting Consequences of the Absolute Priority Doctrine","paragraphs":[{"citation":"852-10-05-16","para":"05-16","html":"<div class=\"asc-body\"><div class=\"norm-text\"><span class=\"sfragment\" id=\"sfr_EC8578AB-6E92-1014-A13F-6E4B94C84136\"><span class=\"sfragment-source\">Under the <a href=\"/glossary/a/#absolute-priority-doctrine\" class=\"term\" title=\"A doctrine that provides that if an impaired class does not vote in favor of a plan, the court may nevertheless confirm the plan under the cram-down provisions of the Bankruptcy Code. The absolute priority doctrine is triggered when the cram-down provisions apply. The doctrine states that all members of the senior class of creditors and equity interests must be satisfied in full before the members of the second senior class of creditors can receive anything, and the full satisfaction of that class must occur before the third senior class of creditors may be satisfied, and so on.\"><span>absolute priority doctrine</span></a> of the Bankruptcy Code, if the amount of postpetition liabilities and allowed claims exceeds the reorganization value of the emerging entity, existing shareholders lose their legal right to any economic interest without the consent of creditors. Therefore, any equity interest in the emerging entity ultimately held by existing shareholders is given to them by the creditors. Among the reasons the creditors might give such shareholders equity interests in the emerging entity are to avoid the expensive and time-consuming legal proceedings necessary to implement the cram-down provisions of the Bankruptcy Code or to preserve continuity of management. </span></span>Consequently, in this situation, if all of the conditions stated in paragraph <a href=\"/asc/852/10/#852-10-45-19\" class=\"xref\">852-10-45-19</a> are met, then upon an entity's emergence from Chapter 11, this Subtopic requires the entity to adopt fresh-start reporting.</div></div>","snippet":"Under the absolute priority doctrine of the Bankruptcy Code, if the amount of postpetition liabilities and allowed claims exceeds the reorganization value of the emerging entity, existing shareholders lose their legal ri…","pending":false,"provenance":{"source_url":"https://asc.fasb.org/","snapshot_version":"sha256:15aea8165dff9f5ae47d9484f8470588b13b307f56e1d50801bf4d85ec190e3f","record_version":"sha256:160dffa31530152c4a89e1668055190a771a89d5f8bb65beea37d41e49603e63","downloaded_from":"2026-09-10T02:02:55.129Z","last_downloaded_at":"2026-09-10T02:02:55.129Z","date_scope":"source_page","effective_as_of":null,"effective_as_of_status":"Not established by retrieval timestamps","source_key":"1943274/2147481181","source_sha256":"ec3c092fd6c62d6b638bba79eb2b2b5b277d9b918baf313a526b5666c27ecaa1"}}],"provenance":{"source_url":"https://asc.fasb.org/","snapshot_version":"sha256:15aea8165dff9f5ae47d9484f8470588b13b307f56e1d50801bf4d85ec190e3f","record_version":"sha256:db4c78b0809c0010f82c7ec1ed4f2e51ba28eb1bd66cb0bddb5aab34927b8b40","downloaded_from":"2026-09-10T02:02:55.129Z","last_downloaded_at":"2026-09-10T02:02:55.129Z","date_scope":"source_page","effective_as_of":null,"effective_as_of_status":"Not established by retrieval timestamps","source_key":"1943274/2147481181","source_sha256":"ec3c092fd6c62d6b638bba79eb2b2b5b277d9b918baf313a526b5666c27ecaa1"}},{"block":null,"heading":"Terms","paragraphs":[{"citation":"852-10-05-17","para":"05-17","html":"<div class=\"asc-body\"><div class=\"norm-text\">The following terms are widely used when addressing reorganizations, yet are not included in the text of the standards:<ol class=\"ol-norm\"><li class=\"li-norm\"><span class=\"linum\">a</span><div class=\"p\"><a href=\"/glossary/a/#administrative-expenses\" class=\"term\" title=\"Claims that receive priority over all other unsecured claims in a bankruptcy case. Administrative expenses (sometimes referred to as administrative claims) include the actual, necessary costs and expenses of preserving the estate, including wages, salaries, or commissions for services rendered after the commencement of the case. Fees paid to professionals for services rendered after the petition is filed are considered administrative expenses.\"><span>Administrative expenses</span></a></div></li><li class=\"li-norm\"><span class=\"linum\">b</span><div class=\"p\"><a href=\"/glossary/o/#obligations-subject-to-compromise\" class=\"term\" title=\"Includes all prepetition liabilities (claims) except those that will not be impaired under the plan, such as claims in which the value of the security interest is greater than the claim.\"><span>Obligations subject to compromise</span></a></div></li><li class=\"li-norm\"><span class=\"linum\">c</span><div class=\"p\"><a href=\"/glossary/u/#undersecured-claim\" class=\"term\" title=\"A secured claim whose collateral is worth less than the amount of the claim. Sometimes referred to as an undersecured claim liability.\"><span>Undersecured claim</span></a>.</div></li></ol></div></div>","snippet":"The following terms are widely used when addressing reorganizations, yet are not included in the text of the standards:\n(a) Administrative expenses\n(b) Obligations subject to compromise\n(c) Undersecured claim.","pending":false,"provenance":{"source_url":"https://asc.fasb.org/","snapshot_version":"sha256:15aea8165dff9f5ae47d9484f8470588b13b307f56e1d50801bf4d85ec190e3f","record_version":"sha256:412bc5ddefed68bcf1c01ab388c8d9bf3997afd08b52b4f965926808f5bf37bb","downloaded_from":"2026-09-10T02:02:55.129Z","last_downloaded_at":"2026-09-10T02:02:55.129Z","date_scope":"source_page","effective_as_of":null,"effective_as_of_status":"Not established by retrieval timestamps","source_key":"1943274/2147481181","source_sha256":"ec3c092fd6c62d6b638bba79eb2b2b5b277d9b918baf313a526b5666c27ecaa1"}}],"provenance":{"source_url":"https://asc.fasb.org/","snapshot_version":"sha256:15aea8165dff9f5ae47d9484f8470588b13b307f56e1d50801bf4d85ec190e3f","record_version":"sha256:cd2f9e9ebffa50f59cf0033223ad44c6c50849c1bcc4bcabc387b62f03a95ea4","downloaded_from":"2026-09-10T02:02:55.129Z","last_downloaded_at":"2026-09-10T02:02:55.129Z","date_scope":"source_page","effective_as_of":null,"effective_as_of_status":"Not established by retrieval timestamps","source_key":"1943274/2147481181","source_sha256":"ec3c092fd6c62d6b638bba79eb2b2b5b277d9b918baf313a526b5666c27ecaa1"}}],"provenance":{"source_url":"https://asc.fasb.org/","snapshot_version":"sha256:15aea8165dff9f5ae47d9484f8470588b13b307f56e1d50801bf4d85ec190e3f","record_version":"sha256:cb16dfa6a7b149616227466c377214d8ef3fd5fe40e67791cdf3594755ee9f8c","downloaded_from":"2026-09-10T02:02:55.129Z","last_downloaded_at":"2026-09-10T02:02:55.129Z","date_scope":"source_page","effective_as_of":null,"effective_as_of_status":"Not established by retrieval timestamps","source_key":"1943274/2147481181","source_sha256":"ec3c092fd6c62d6b638bba79eb2b2b5b277d9b918baf313a526b5666c27ecaa1"}},"provenance":{"source_url":"https://asc.fasb.org/","snapshot_version":"sha256:15aea8165dff9f5ae47d9484f8470588b13b307f56e1d50801bf4d85ec190e3f","record_version":"sha256:cb16dfa6a7b149616227466c377214d8ef3fd5fe40e67791cdf3594755ee9f8c","downloaded_from":"2026-09-10T02:02:55.129Z","last_downloaded_at":"2026-09-10T02:02:55.129Z","date_scope":"source_page","effective_as_of":null,"effective_as_of_status":"Not established by retrieval timestamps","source_key":"1943274/2147481181","source_sha256":"ec3c092fd6c62d6b638bba79eb2b2b5b277d9b918baf313a526b5666c27ecaa1"}}