# ASC 970-10: Real Estate—General — Overall

Source: FASB Accounting Standards Codification, Basic View

[Read online](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/970/10/)

Study and research edition. Verify current requirements with the official source. Summaries, enrichment, and tags are machine-generated study aids. Paragraph html preserves source markup; snippet is abbreviated. Pending content is not necessarily effective.

Tables and mathematical or amendment markup are retained as HTML where Markdown would lose structure.

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## ASC 970-10: Real Estate—General — Overall

### Machine-generated study aids

```json
{
  "summary": "ASC 970-10 is the Overall subtopic of the Real Estate—General Topic; it maps the industry's guidance (statement of cash flows, equity method/joint ventures, other assets and deferred costs, PP&E, debt, other expenses, consolidation, interest) and sets the pervasive scope. The Topic supplies only incremental industry-specific guidance and applies to all entities with productive activities relating to real property, excluding property used primarily in the entity's non-real estate operations (970-10-15-3). Its guidance runs in three Subsections: General (real estate ventures, partnerships, joint ventures, tax increment financing entities), Real Estate Syndication (income recognition from syndication activities), and Real Estate Project Costs (acquisition, development, construction, selling and rental costs).",
  "key_points": [
    "Entities in the scope of this Topic must also comply with all other applicable GAAP; the Topic supplies only incremental industry-specific guidance (970-10-15-1).",
    "Scope covers all entities with productive activities relating to real property but excludes property used primarily in the entity's non-real estate operations (970-10-15-3, 15-5, 15-7).",
    "The Real Estate Project Costs Subsections do not apply to real estate developed by an entity for use in its own operations (other than for sale or rental), initial direct costs of leases (governed by Topic 842), or costs directly related to manufacturing, merchandising, or service activities (970-10-15-8).",
    "Paragraphs 970-340-25-16 through 25-19 and 970-340-35-2 do not apply to real estate rental activity in which the predominant rental period is less than one month (970-10-15-9).",
    "The Project Costs Subsections address preacquisition costs, taxes and insurance, project costs, amenities, incidental operations, cost allocation to project components, revisions of estimates, abandonments and changes in use, selling costs, rental costs, and impairment write-downs under the Subtopic 360-10 Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets Subsections (970-10-15-11).",
    "The General Subsections cover real estate ventures, general and limited partnerships, corporate joint ventures, tax increment financing entities, and investor-lender accounting for interest on loans or advances to a real estate venture (970-10-05-4); limited liability companies are addressed at 272-10-05.",
    "Several former subtopics and paragraphs (e.g., 970-10-05-2(c) and (h), 970-10-15-10) were superseded by ASU 2014-09, moving real estate sales revenue into Topic 606."
  ],
  "categories": [
    "Industry-specific",
    "Inventory and PP&E",
    "Recognition",
    "Initial measurement"
  ],
  "audience_level": "intermediate",
  "student_note": "This subtopic is mostly a roadmap and scope gate—know what it excludes (owner-occupied development, lease initial direct costs under 842, non-real-estate manufacturing/service costs) before applying the capitalization rules in 970-340 and 970-360. A common misunderstanding is thinking 970 is a self-contained rulebook; it is only incremental guidance layered on top of general GAAP, and ASU 2014-09 pulled real estate sales recognition out into Topic 606.",
  "related_topics": [
    "970-340",
    "970-360",
    "970-323",
    "360-10",
    "606",
    "842"
  ],
  "key_concepts": [
    "real estate project costs",
    "productive activities relating to real property",
    "real estate syndication",
    "preacquisition costs",
    "capitalization of rental and selling costs",
    "real estate ventures and joint ventures",
    "incidental operations",
    "amenities"
  ]
}
```

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## ASC 970-10-00: 00 Status

[Read section](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/970/10/#00-status)

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##### [970-10-00-1](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/970/10/#970-10-00-1)

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The following table identifies the changes made to this Subtopic.

<table class="asc-table" id="SL51794006-162349"><tbody><tr><td class="entry"><strong class="ph b">Paragraph</strong></td><td class="entry"><strong class="ph b">Action</strong></td><td class="entry"><strong class="ph b">Accounting Standards Update</strong></td><td class="entry"><strong class="ph b">Date</strong></td></tr><tr><td class="entry"></td><td class="entry"></td><td class="entry"></td><td class="entry"></td></tr><tr><td class="entry"><a href="https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/970/10/#970-10-05-1" class="xref">970-10-05-1</a></td><td class="entry">Amended</td><td class="entry"><a href="https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/updates/asu-2016-02/" class="xref">Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-02</a></td><td class="entry">02/25/2016</td></tr><tr><td class="entry"><a href="https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/970/10/#970-10-05-1" class="xref">970-10-05-1</a></td><td class="entry">Amended</td><td class="entry"><a href="https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/updates/asu-2014-09/" class="xref">Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09</a></td><td class="entry">05/28/2014</td></tr><tr><td class="entry"><a href="https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/970/10/#970-10-05-2" class="xref">970-10-05-2</a></td><td class="entry">Amended</td><td class="entry"><a href="https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/updates/asu-2014-09/" class="xref">Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09</a></td><td class="entry">05/28/2014</td></tr><tr><td class="entry"><a href="https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/970/10/#970-10-15-8" class="xref">970-10-15-8</a></td><td class="entry">Amended</td><td class="entry"><a href="https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/updates/asu-2016-02/" class="xref">Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-02</a></td><td class="entry">02/25/2016</td></tr><tr><td class="entry"><a href="https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/970/10/#970-10-15-9" class="xref">970-10-15-9</a></td><td class="entry">Amended</td><td class="entry"><a href="https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/updates/asu-2014-09/" class="xref">Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09</a></td><td class="entry">05/28/2014</td></tr><tr><td class="entry"><a href="https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/970/10/#970-10-15-10" class="xref">970-10-15-10</a></td><td class="entry">Superseded</td><td class="entry"><a href="https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/updates/asu-2014-09/" class="xref">Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09</a></td><td class="entry">05/28/2014</td></tr></tbody></table>

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## ASC 970-10-05: 05 Overview and Background

[Read section](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/970/10/#05-overview-and-background)

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##### [970-10-05-1](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/970/10/#970-10-05-1)

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1.  a
    
    Real Estate—General
    
2.  b
    
    Real Estate—Common Interest Realty Associations
    
3.  c
    
    Real Estate—Real Estate Investment Trusts
    
4.  d
    
    Real Estate—Retail Land
    
5.  e
    
    Real Estate—Time-Sharing Activities.
    

842-40

##### [970-10-05-2](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/970/10/#970-10-05-2)

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The Real Estate—General Topic provides general real estate industry guidance, and includes the following Subtopics:

1.  a
    
    Overall
    
2.  b
    
    Statement of Cash Flows
    
3.  c
    
    [Subparagraph superseded by Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/updates/asu-2014-09/).
    
4.  d
    
    Investments—Equity Method and Joint Ventures
    
5.  e
    
    Other Assets and Deferred Costs
    
6.  f
    
    Property, Plant, and Equipment
    
7.  g
    
    Debt
    
8.  h
    
    [Subparagraph superseded by Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/updates/asu-2014-09/).
    
9.  i
    
    Other Expenses
    
10.  j
     
     Consolidation
     
11.  k
     
     Interest.

##### [970-10-05-3](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/970/10/#970-10-05-3)

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The guidance throughout this Topic is presented in the following Subsections:

1.  a
    
    General
    
2.  b
    
    Real Estate Syndication
    
3.  c
    
    Real Estate Projects.

##### [970-10-05-4](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/970/10/#970-10-05-4)

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The General Subsections provide accounting guidance concerning various forms of real estate investment, including real estate ventures, general and limited partnerships, corporate joint ventures and tax increment financing entities. They also provide investor-lender guidance concerning interest on loans or advances to a [real estate venture](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/glossary/r/#real-estate-venture "Any of the following: a joint venture, a general partnership, a limited partnership, and an undivided interest."). See Section 272-10-05 regarding limited liability companies.

### Real Estate Syndication

##### [970-10-05-5](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/970/10/#970-10-05-5)

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The Real Estate Syndication Subsections provide accounting guidance concerning the recognition of income from real estate [syndication activities](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/glossary/s/#syndication-activities "Efforts to directly or indirectly sponsor the formation of entities that acquire interests in real estate by raising funds from investors. As consideration for their investments, the investors receive ownership or other financial interests in the sponsored entities. All general partners in syndicated partnerships are deemed to perform syndication activities.").

### Real Estate Project Costs

##### [970-10-05-6](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/970/10/#970-10-05-6)

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The Real Estate [Project Costs](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/glossary/p/#project-costs "Costs clearly associated with the acquisition, development, and construction of a real estate project.") Subsections establish accounting and reporting standards for acquisition, development, construction, selling, and rental costs associated with real estate projects. They also provide guidance for the accounting for initial rental operations and criteria for determining when the status of a rental project changes from nonoperating to operating.

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## ASC 970-10-15: 15 Scope and Scope Exceptions

[Read section](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/970/10/#15-scope-and-scope-exceptions)

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#### Overall Guidance

##### [970-10-15-1](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/970/10/#970-10-15-1)

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The Subtopics within the Real Estate—General Topic only provide incremental industry-specific guidance for the entities defined in this Scope Section, or as further defined in the Scope Sections of the individual Subtopics. Entities within the scope of this Topic shall also comply with the applicable guidance not included in this Topic.

##### [970-10-15-2](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/970/10/#970-10-15-2)

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The General Subsection of this Section establishes the pervasive scope for this Subtopic, with specific qualifications noted in the other Subsections of this Section.

#### Entities

##### [970-10-15-3](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/970/10/#970-10-15-3)

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The guidance in this Topic applies to all entities with productive activities relating to real property, excluding property used primarily in the entity's non-real estate operations.

### Real Estate Syndication

#### Overall Guidance

##### [970-10-15-4](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/970/10/#970-10-15-4)

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The Real Estate Syndication Subsections follow the same Scope and Scope Exceptions as outlined in the General Subsection of this Subtopic, see the [General Subsection](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/970/10/#15-scope-and-scope-exceptions)of Section 970-10-15, with specific qualifications noted below.

#### Entities

##### [970-10-15-5](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/970/10/#970-10-15-5)

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The guidance in this Topic applies to all entities with productive activities relating to real property, excluding property used primarily in the entity's non-real estate operations.

### Real Estate Project Costs

#### Overall Guidance

##### [970-10-15-6](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/970/10/#970-10-15-6)

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The Real Estate [Project Costs](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/glossary/p/#project-costs "Costs clearly associated with the acquisition, development, and construction of a real estate project.") Subsections follow the same Scope and Scope Exceptions as outlined in the General Subsection of this Subtopic, see the [General Subsection](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/970/10/#15-scope-and-scope-exceptions) of Section 970-10-15, with specific qualifications noted below.

#### Entities

##### [970-10-15-7](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/970/10/#970-10-15-7)

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The guidance in the Real Estate Project Costs Subsections applies to all entities with productive activities relating to real property, excluding property used primarily in the entity's non-real estate operations.

#### Transactions

##### [970-10-15-8](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/970/10/#970-10-15-8)

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The guidance in the Real Estate Project Costs Subsections does not apply to the following transactions and activities:

1.  a
    
    Real estate developed by an entity for use in its own operations, other than for sale or rental. In this context, real estate developed by a member of a consolidated group for use in the operations of another member of the group (for example, a manufacturing facility developed by a subsidiary for use in its parent's operations) when the property is reported in the group's consolidated financial statements. However, this does not include property reported in the separate financial statements of the entity that developed it.
    
2.  b
    
    Initial direct costs of leases, which are defined in Topic 842. The accounting for initial direct costs of leases is prescribed in that Topic.
    
3.  c
    
    Costs directly related to manufacturing, merchandising, or service activities as distinguished from real estate activities.

##### [970-10-15-9](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/970/10/#970-10-15-9)

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Paragraphs

[970-340-25-16 through 25-19](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/340/970/#340-970-25-16)

and [970-340-35-2](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/340/970/#340-970-35-2) do not apply to real estate rental activity in which the predominant rental period is less than one month.

##### [970-10-15-10](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/970/10/#970-10-15-10)

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[Paragraph superseded by Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/updates/asu-2014-09/).

##### [970-10-15-11](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/970/10/#970-10-15-11)

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This Subsection specifies the accounting for the following as they relate to real estate projects:

1.  a
    
    [Preacquisition costs](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/glossary/p/#preacquisition-costs "Costs related to a property that are incurred for the express purpose of, but prior to, obtaining that property. Examples of preacquisition costs may be costs of surveying, zoning or traffic studies, or payments to obtain an option on the property.")
    
2.  b
    
    Taxes and insurance
    
3.  c
    
    Project costs
    
4.  d
    
    [Amenities](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/glossary/a/#amenities "Features that enhance the attractiveness or perceived value of a time-sharing interval. Examples of amenities include golf courses, utility plants, clubhouses, swimming pools, tennis courts, indoor recreational facilities, and parking facilities. See also Promised Amenities.")
    
5.  e
    
    [Incidental operations](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/glossary/i/#incidental-operations "Revenue-producing activities engaged in during the holding or development period to reduce the cost of developing the property for its intended use, as distinguished from activities designed to generate a profit or a return from the use of the property.")
    
6.  f
    
    Allocation of capitalized costs to components of a real estate project
    
7.  g
    
    Revisions of estimates
    
8.  h
    
    Abandonments and changes in use
    
9.  i
    
    Selling costs
    
10.  j
     
     Rental costs
     
11.  k
     
     Reductions in the carrying amounts of real estate assets prescribed by the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets Subsections of Subtopic 360-10.

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## ASC 970-10-S50: SEC 50 Disclosure

[Read section](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/970/10/#sec-50-disclosure)

SEC content: yes

#### Supplemental Schedules

##### [970-10-S50-1](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/970/10/#970-10-S50-1)

Pending content: no

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See paragraph [948-310-S99-1](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/310/948/#310-948-S99-1), Regulation S-X, Rule 12-29, for the required supplemental schedule disclosing mortgage loans on real estate.

##### [970-10-S50-2](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/970/10/#970-10-S50-2)

Pending content: no

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See paragraph [970-10-S99-1](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/970/10/#970-10-S99-1), SAB Topic 7.C, for SEC Staff views on the inclusion of certain supplemental schedules in annual reports.

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## ASC 970-10-S99: SEC 99 SEC Materials

[Read section](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/970/10/#sec-99-sec-materials)

SEC content: yes

#### SEC Staff Guidance

##### [970-10-S99-1](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/970/10/#970-10-S99-1)

Pending content: no

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The following is the text of SAB Topic 7.C, Schedules of Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation, and of Mortgage Loans on Real Estate.

-   Facts: Whenever investments in real estate or mortgage loans on real estate are significant, the schedules of such items (see Rules 12-28 and 12-29 of Regulation S-X) are required in a prospectus.
    
-   Question: Is such information also required in annual reports to shareholders?
    
-   Interpretive Response: Although Rules 14a-3 and 14c-3 permit the omission of financial statement schedules from annual reports to shareholders, the staff is of the view that the information required by these schedules is of such significance within the real estate industry that the information should be included in the financial statements in the annual report to shareholders.
