# ASC 230-830: Statement of Cash Flows — Foreign Currency Matters Source: FASB Accounting Standards Codification, Basic View [Read online](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/230/830/) Study and research edition. Verify current requirements with the official source. Summaries, enrichment, and tags are machine-generated study aids. Paragraph html preserves source markup; snippet is abbreviated. Pending content is not necessarily effective. Tables and mathematical or amendment markup are retained as HTML where Markdown would lose structure. Source downloaded (UTC): 2026-09-09T23:11:52.130Z to 2026-09-09T23:12:08.856Z Record version: sha256:fd836a241c29649081f5e8d69b8b8f4526b596eddc5a42168572ef1b2ccc4a76 Snapshot version: sha256:15aea8165dff9f5ae47d9484f8470588b13b307f56e1d50801bf4d85ec190e3f Effective as of: not established by retrieval timestamps. ## ASC 230-830: Statement of Cash Flows — Foreign Currency Matters ### Machine-generated study aids ```json { "summary": "This subtopic tells an entity with foreign currency transactions or foreign operations how to translate cash flows in the statement of cash flows. Foreign currency cash flows are reported at the reporting currency equivalent using the exchange rates in effect at the time of the cash flows (a weighted-average rate may be used if the result is substantially the same). The effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash held in foreign currencies is shown as a separate part of the reconciliation of the change in total cash for the period.", "key_points": [ "A statement of cash flows of an entity with foreign currency transactions or foreign operations shall report the reporting currency equivalent of foreign currency cash flows using the exchange rates in effect at the time of the cash flows (230-830-45-1).", "An appropriately weighted average exchange rate for the period may be used if the result is substantially the same as using the rates at the dates of the cash flows; 830-30-45-3 applies to cash receipts and payments (230-830-45-1).", "The effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents held in foreign currencies is reported as a separate part of the reconciliation of the change in the total of those amounts during the period (230-830-45-1).", "The exchange rate effect line is not classified as an operating, investing, or financing activity; it reconciles the change in total cash.", "The Subtopic follows the same scope and scope exceptions as Section 830-10-15 (230-830-15-1).", "Example 1 (830-230-55-1 through 55-15) illustrates a direct-method consolidating statement of cash flows for a U.S. parent with one subsidiary whose local currency is the functional currency and one in a highly inflationary economy whose functional currency is the U.S. dollar." ], "categories": [ "Foreign currency", "Cash flows", "Financial statement presentation", "Presentation" ], "audience_level": "intermediate", "student_note": "Exam questions often test that the exchange-rate effect on foreign-currency cash balances is a separate reconciling item, not an operating, investing, or financing cash flow. A common misunderstanding is translating foreign cash flows at the year-end (current) rate; the rule is the rate at the date of the cash flow, with a weighted average allowed only as an approximation.", "related_topics": [ "830-10", "830-30", "830-230", "230-10" ], "key_concepts": [ "reporting currency equivalent", "exchange rate at date of cash flow", "weighted-average exchange rate", "effect of exchange rate changes on cash", "restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents", "functional currency", "highly inflationary economy", "direct method statement of cash flows" ] } ``` Source downloaded (UTC): 2026-09-09T23:11:52.130Z to 2026-09-09T23:11:52.130Z Record version: sha256:dcb58f2d86ce2d1f7c9304a09f070de7fcb2675163802a13252787957319ded6 Snapshot version: sha256:15aea8165dff9f5ae47d9484f8470588b13b307f56e1d50801bf4d85ec190e3f Effective as of: not established by retrieval timestamps. ## ASC 230-830-00: 00 Status [Read section](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/230/830/#00-status) SEC content: no ##### [230-830-00-1](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/230/830/#230-830-00-1) Pending content: no Source downloaded (UTC): 2026-09-09T23:11:52.130Z to 2026-09-09T23:11:52.130Z Record version: sha256:0a2bae12b141a4eaa0d14ad2f7c9f48fc272718f065152aee730e9cecedc4c01 Snapshot version: sha256:15aea8165dff9f5ae47d9484f8470588b13b307f56e1d50801bf4d85ec190e3f Effective as of: not established by retrieval timestamps. The following table identifies the changes made to this Subtopic.
ParagraphActionAccounting Standards UpdateDate
Cash EquivalentsAddedAccounting Standards Update No. 2014-0603/14/2014
830-230-45-1AmendedAccounting Standards Update No. 2016-1811/17/2016
830-230-45-1AmendedAccounting Standards Update No. 2014-0603/14/2014
830-230-55-12AmendedMaintenance Update 2018-12 (PDF)09/10/2018
Source downloaded (UTC): 2026-09-09T23:11:56.020Z to 2026-09-09T23:11:56.020Z Record version: sha256:ff66d31dea3f4d65e67e65260a8a9b8db1f2c8d4e99387efbcae292f45276f0d Snapshot version: sha256:15aea8165dff9f5ae47d9484f8470588b13b307f56e1d50801bf4d85ec190e3f Effective as of: not established by retrieval timestamps. ## ASC 230-830-05: 05 Overview and Background [Read section](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/230/830/#05-overview-and-background) SEC content: no ##### [230-830-05-1](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/230/830/#230-830-05-1) Pending content: no Source downloaded (UTC): 2026-09-09T23:11:56.020Z to 2026-09-09T23:11:56.020Z Record version: sha256:a633ccc9813b1be218f09513be9421989ef6441055b258ed56a54f90f1bc0be4 Snapshot version: sha256:15aea8165dff9f5ae47d9484f8470588b13b307f56e1d50801bf4d85ec190e3f Effective as of: not established by retrieval timestamps. This Subtopic provides guidance on reporting foreign currency matters in a statement of cash flows. Source downloaded (UTC): 2026-09-09T23:11:58.187Z to 2026-09-09T23:11:58.187Z Record version: sha256:db2f44423b3021da38560ddecf113adc53db84a71027d7f722af340deed139fd Snapshot version: sha256:15aea8165dff9f5ae47d9484f8470588b13b307f56e1d50801bf4d85ec190e3f Effective as of: not established by retrieval timestamps. ## ASC 230-830-15: 15 Scope and Scope Exceptions [Read section](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/230/830/#15-scope-and-scope-exceptions) SEC content: no #### Overall Guidance ##### [230-830-15-1](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/230/830/#230-830-15-1) Pending content: no Source downloaded (UTC): 2026-09-09T23:11:58.187Z to 2026-09-09T23:11:58.187Z Record version: sha256:8bc9bb516e19a0a740d6c9a04153d47aba485afcdd90490296e9f5e724f61722 Snapshot version: sha256:15aea8165dff9f5ae47d9484f8470588b13b307f56e1d50801bf4d85ec190e3f Effective as of: not established by retrieval timestamps. This Subtopic follows the same Scope and Scope Exceptions as outlined in the Overall Subtopic, see Section 830-10-15. Source downloaded (UTC): 2026-09-09T23:12:03.500Z to 2026-09-09T23:12:03.500Z Record version: sha256:95f0241462775f0a1b6839f14f1e499a5db276a4169692360e7761670263b562 Snapshot version: sha256:15aea8165dff9f5ae47d9484f8470588b13b307f56e1d50801bf4d85ec190e3f Effective as of: not established by retrieval timestamps. ## ASC 230-830-45: 45 Other Presentation Matters [Read section](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/230/830/#45-other-presentation-matters) SEC content: no ##### [230-830-45-1](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/230/830/#230-830-45-1) Pending content: no Source downloaded (UTC): 2026-09-09T23:12:03.500Z to 2026-09-09T23:12:03.500Z Record version: sha256:7ab1e0aea78157f8db160b7864f8cd1a16c7cebbfb3db05c0797fb28296b7c69 Snapshot version: sha256:15aea8165dff9f5ae47d9484f8470588b13b307f56e1d50801bf4d85ec190e3f Effective as of: not established by retrieval timestamps. A statement of cash flows of an entity with [foreign currency transactions](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/glossary/f/#foreign-currency-transactions "Transactions whose terms are denominated in a currency other than the entity's functional currency. Foreign currency transactions arise when a reporting entity does any of the following: Buys or sells on credit goods or services whose prices are denominated in foreign currency Borrows or lends funds and the amounts payable or receivable are denominated in foreign currency Is a party to an unperformed forward exchange contract For other reasons, acquires or disposes of assets, or incurs or settles liabilities denominated in foreign currency.") or foreign operations shall report the [reporting currency](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/glossary/r/#reporting-currency "The currency in which a reporting entity prepares its financial statements.") equivalent of [foreign currency](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/glossary/f/#foreign-currency "A currency other than the functional currency of the entity being referred to (for example, the dollar could be a foreign currency for a foreign entity). Composites of currencies, such as the Special Drawing Rights, used to set prices or denominate amounts of loans, and so forth, have the characteristics of foreign currency.") cash flows using the exchange rates in effect at the time of the cash flows. An appropriately weighted average [exchange rate](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/glossary/e/#exchange-rate "The ratio between a unit of one currency and the amount of another currency for which that unit can be exchanged at a particular time.") for the period may be used for [translation](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/glossary/t/#translation "See Foreign Currency Translation.") if the result is substantially the same as if the rates at the dates of the cash flows were used. (That is, paragraph [830-30-45-3](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/830/30/#830-30-45-3) applies to cash receipts and cash payments.) The statement of cash flows shall report the effect of exchange rate changes on cash, [cash equivalents](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/glossary/c/#cash-equivalents "Cash equivalents are short-term, highly liquid investments that have both of the following characteristics: Readily convertible to known amounts of cash So near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates. Generally, only investments with original maturities of three months or less qualify under that definition. Original maturity means original maturity to the entity holding the investment. For example, both a three-month U.S. Treasury bill and a three-year U.S. Treasury note purchased three months from maturity qualify as cash equivalents. However, a Treasury note purchased three years ago does not become a cash equivalent when its remaining maturity is three months. Examples of items commonly considered to be cash equivalents are Treasury bills, commercial paper, money market funds, and federal funds sold (for an entity with banking operations)."), and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents held in foreign currencies as a separate part of the reconciliation of the change in the total of cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents during the period. See Example 1 (paragraph [830-230-55-1](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/230/830/#230-830-55-1)) for an illustration of this guidance. Source downloaded (UTC): 2026-09-09T23:12:06.060Z to 2026-09-09T23:12:06.060Z Record version: sha256:bcf7a8ecda62a2cfac9493fedb65fc03728cb10ce69af6e802599cd907edef43 Snapshot version: sha256:15aea8165dff9f5ae47d9484f8470588b13b307f56e1d50801bf4d85ec190e3f Effective as of: not established by retrieval timestamps. ## ASC 230-830-55: 55 Implementation Guidance and Illustrations [Read section](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/230/830/#55-implementation-guidance-and-illustrations) SEC content: no #### Illustrations ##### [230-830-55-1](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/230/830/#230-830-55-1) Pending content: no Source downloaded (UTC): 2026-09-09T23:12:06.060Z to 2026-09-09T23:12:06.060Z Record version: sha256:219ba2e28c18a81f0edd49537331f736ac91fa03aa3928fd71384dde84c74f99 Snapshot version: sha256:15aea8165dff9f5ae47d9484f8470588b13b307f56e1d50801bf4d85ec190e3f Effective as of: not established by retrieval timestamps. This Example illustrates a statement of cash flows under the direct method for a manufacturing entity with foreign operations. The illustrations of the reconciliation of net income to net cash provided by operating activities may provide detailed information in excess of that required for a meaningful presentation. Other formats or levels of detail may be appropriate for particular circumstances. ##### [230-830-55-2](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/230/830/#230-830-55-2) Pending content: no Source downloaded (UTC): 2026-09-09T23:12:06.060Z to 2026-09-09T23:12:06.060Z Record version: sha256:e692d43e59355a55ca303dc0122796b131851ff4de46234dfb621a4163e27419 Snapshot version: sha256:15aea8165dff9f5ae47d9484f8470588b13b307f56e1d50801bf4d85ec190e3f Effective as of: not established by retrieval timestamps. The following is a consolidating statement of cash flows for the year ended December 31, 19X1, for Entity F, a multinational U.S. corporation engaged principally in manufacturing activities, which has two wholly owned foreign subsidiaries— Subsidiary A and Subsidiary B. For Subsidiary A, the [local currency](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/glossary/l/#local-currency "The currency of a particular country being referred to.") is the [functional currency](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/glossary/f/#functional-currency "An entity's functional currency is the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates; normally, that is the currency of the environment in which an entity primarily generates and expends cash. (See paragraphs 830-10-45-2830-10-45-3830-10-45-4830-10-45-5830-10-45-6 and 830-10-55-3830-10-55-4830-10-55-5830-10-55-6830-10-55-7.)"). For Subsidiary B, which operates in a highly inflationary economy, the U.S. dollar is the functional currency. - ![ ](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc-img/GUID-2208F10E-9A57-4169-8203-7AF4A348A7BB-low.gif) ENTITY F CONSOLIDATING STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS "FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 19X1" Increase (Decrease) in Cash and Cash Equivalents Parent Entity Subsidiary A Subsidiary B Eliminations Consolidated Cash flows from operating activities: Cash received from customers " $4,610 " (a) $888 (a) $561 (a) $(430) " $5,629 " Cash paid to suppliers and employees " (3,756)" (a) (806) (a) (370) (a) 430 " (4,502)" Interest paid (170) (86) (135) - (391) Income taxes paid (158) (25) (21) - (204) Interest and dividends received 57 - - (22) 35 Miscellaneous cash received (paid) - 45 (5) - 40 Net cash provided by operating activities 583 16 30 (22) 607 Cash flows from investing activities: Proceeds from sale of equipment 150 116 14 - 280 Payments for purchase of equipment (450) (258) (15) - (723) Net cash used in investing activities (300) (142) (1) - (443) Cash flows from financing activities: Proceeds from issuance of short-term debt 20 75 - - 95 Intra-entity loan (15) - 15 - - Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt - 165 - - 165 Repayment of long-term debt (200) (105) (35) - (340) Payment of dividends (120) (22) - 22 (120) Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities (315) 113 (20) 22 (200) Effect of exchange rate changes on cash - 9 (b) (5) (b) - 4 Net change in cash and cash equivalents (32) (4) 4 - (32) Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year 255 15 5 - 275 Cash and cash equivalents at end of year $223 $11 $9 $- $243 (a) The computation of this amount is provided in paragraph 830-230-55-14. (b) The computation of this amount is provided in paragraph 830-230-55-15. - ![ ](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc-img/GUID-5CAFE7E7-BFC4-490A-A6D5-A437E93EB059-low.gif) Reconciliation of net income to net cash provided by operating activities: Parent Entity Subsidiary A Subsidiary B Eliminations Consolidated Net income $417 $50 $(66) $(37) $364 Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: Depreciation and amortization 350 85 90 - 525 (Gain) loss on sale of equipment (115) - 25 - (90) Writedown of facility to net realizable value 50 - - - 50 Exchange gain - - (115) - (115) Provision for deferred taxes 90 - - - 90 Increase in accounts receivable (85) (37) (9) - (131) (Increase) decrease in inventory (80) (97) 107 15 (55) Increase (decrease) in accounts payable and accrued expenses (41) 16 (6) - (31) Increase (decrease) in interest and taxes payable (3) (1) 4 - - Net cash provided by operating activities $583 $16 $30 $(22) $607 ##### [230-830-55-3](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/230/830/#230-830-55-3) Pending content: no Source downloaded (UTC): 2026-09-09T23:12:06.060Z to 2026-09-09T23:12:06.060Z Record version: sha256:77e6a68ddf26b88852d059b8bd2f0db4bd309ba0ac6c8cad485d6b613abcee83 Snapshot version: sha256:15aea8165dff9f5ae47d9484f8470588b13b307f56e1d50801bf4d85ec190e3f Effective as of: not established by retrieval timestamps. The entity would make the following disclosure. - Cash in excess of daily requirements is invested in marketable securities consisting of U.S. Treasury bills with maturities of three months or less. Such investments are deemed to be cash equivalents for purposes of the statement of cash flows. ##### [230-830-55-4](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/230/830/#230-830-55-4) Pending content: no Source downloaded (UTC): 2026-09-09T23:12:06.060Z to 2026-09-09T23:12:06.060Z Record version: sha256:279d75f5f516fe9b44824f27ba546248fffb83ecf52aa68ca6026fd4bf21a331 Snapshot version: sha256:15aea8165dff9f5ae47d9484f8470588b13b307f56e1d50801bf4d85ec190e3f Effective as of: not established by retrieval timestamps. Summarized in the following tables is financial information for the current year for Entity F, which provides the basis for the statement of cash flows presented in paragraph [830-230-55-2](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/230/830/#230-830-55-2). - ![ ](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc-img/GUID-66884EBE-B223-4CA6-BA40-3850A6E64227-low.gif) Entity F Consolidating Statement of Financial Position "December 31, 19X1" Parent Entity Subsidiary A Subsidiary B Eliminations Consolidated Assets: Cash and cash equivalents $223 $11 $9 $- $243 Accounts receivable 725 95 20 - 840 Intra-entity loan receivable 15 - - (15) - Inventory 630 281 96 (15) 992 Investments 730 - - (730) - "Property, plant, and equipment, net" " 3,305 " " 1,441 " 816 - " 5,562 " Other assets 160 11 - - 171 Total assets " $5,788 " " $1,839 " $941 $(760) " $7,808 " Liabilities: Accounts payable and accrued expenses $529 $135 $38 $- $702 Interest payable 35 11 4 - 50 Taxes payable 45 5 2 - 52 Short-term debt 160 135 - - 295 Intra-entity debt - - 15 (15) - Long-term debt " 1,100 " 315 40 - " 1,455 " Deferred taxes 342 - - - 342 Total liabilities " 2,211 " 601 99 (15) " 2,896 " Stockholders' equity: Capital stock 550 455 275 (730) 550 Retained earnings " 3,027 " 554 567 (15) " 4,133 " Cumulative translation adjustment - 229 - - 229 Total stockholders' equity " 3,577 " " 1,238 " 842 (745) " 4,912 " Total liabilities and stockholders' equity " $5,788 " " $1,839 " $941 $(760) " $7,808 " - ![ ](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc-img/GUID-8F5C2DAB-F445-45BA-BB4F-6E2D7E03CEF5-low.gif) Entity F Consolidating Statement of Income "For the Year Ended December 31, 19X1" Parent Entity Subsidiary A Subsidiary B Eliminations Consolidated Revenues " $4,695 " $925 $570 $(430) " $5,760 " Cost of sales " (3,210)" (615) (406) 415 " (3,816)" Depreciation and amortization (350) (85) (90) - (525) General and administrative expenses (425) (110) (65) - (600) Interest expense (165) (90) (135) - (390) Interest and dividend income 57 - - (22) 35 Gain (loss) on sale of equipment 115 - (25) - 90 Miscellaneous income (expense) (50) 45 (5) - (10) Exchange gain - - 115 - 115 Income before income taxes 667 70 (41) (37) 659 Provision for income taxes (250) (20) (25) - (295) Net income $417 $50 $(66) $(37) $364 ##### [230-830-55-5](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/230/830/#230-830-55-5) Pending content: no Source downloaded (UTC): 2026-09-09T23:12:06.060Z to 2026-09-09T23:12:06.060Z Record version: sha256:c9a0bd9046f0d7c21fd17ef435a558e5068be60e81141d2cfd370d47cd861f63 Snapshot version: sha256:15aea8165dff9f5ae47d9484f8470588b13b307f56e1d50801bf4d85ec190e3f Effective as of: not established by retrieval timestamps. The U.S. dollar equivalents of one unit of local currency applicable to Subsidiary A and to Subsidiary B are as follows. - ![ ](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc-img/GUID-9AEAB4C2-2A85-4F5B-A6FD-99CC83A2B99C-low.gif) Subsidiary A Subsidiary B 1/1/X1 .40 .05 Weighted average .43 .03 12/31/X1 .45 .02 ##### [230-830-55-6](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/230/830/#230-830-55-6) Pending content: no Source downloaded (UTC): 2026-09-09T23:12:06.060Z to 2026-09-09T23:12:06.060Z Record version: sha256:3a665da5d5556f20b58ee5c8425cf44d2128b82bf7dc6e9611abd1135c775d87 Snapshot version: sha256:15aea8165dff9f5ae47d9484f8470588b13b307f56e1d50801bf4d85ec190e3f Effective as of: not established by retrieval timestamps. The computation of the weighted-average [exchange rate](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/glossary/e/#exchange-rate "The ratio between a unit of one currency and the amount of another currency for which that unit can be exchanged at a particular time.") for Subsidiary A excludes the effect of Subsidiary A's sale of inventory to the parent entity at the beginning of the year discussed in paragraph [830-230-55-10(a)](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/230/830/#230-830-55-10). ##### [230-830-55-7](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/230/830/#230-830-55-7) Pending content: no Source downloaded (UTC): 2026-09-09T23:12:06.060Z to 2026-09-09T23:12:06.060Z Record version: sha256:699cd6a9195743ee1023b4a8513390ff6ef62b030b32c15e3073f2cc9a9ecf01 Snapshot version: sha256:15aea8165dff9f5ae47d9484f8470588b13b307f56e1d50801bf4d85ec190e3f Effective as of: not established by retrieval timestamps. Comparative statements of financial position for the parent entity and for each of the foreign subsidiaries are as follows. - ![ ](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc-img/GUID-B2B81539-15F9-4682-A560-A1A975F5F110-low.gif) COMPARATIVE STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION Parent Enity Subsidiary A Subsidiary A Subsidiary B Subsidiary B U.S. Dollars (USD) Local Currency (LC) U.S. Dollars (USD) Local Currency (LC) U.S. Dollars (USD) 1/1/X1 12/13/X1 Change 1/1/X1 12/31/X1 Change 1/1/X1 12/31/X1 Change 1/1/X1 12/31/X1 Change 1/1/X1 12/31/X1 Change Assets Cash and cash equivalents 255 223 (32) 38 25 (13) 15 11 (4) 100 449 349 5 9 4 Accounts receivable 640 725 85 125 210 85 50 95 45 700 " 1,000 " 300 35 20 (15) Intra-entity loan receivable - 15 15 - - - - - - - - - - - - Inventory 550 630 80 400 625 225 160 281 121 " 2,900 " " 3,200 " 300 203 96 (107) Investments 730 730 - - - - - - - - - - - - - "Property, plant, and equipment, net" " 3,280 " " 3,305 " 25 " 3,075 " " 3,202 " 127 " 1,230 " " 1,441 " 211 " 6,200 " " 5,900 " (300) 930 816 (114) Other assets 170 160 (10) 25 25 - 10 11 1 - - - - - - Total assets " 5,625 " " 5,788 " 163 " 3,663 " " 4,087 " 424 " 1,465 " " 1,839 " 374 " 9,900 " " 10,549 " 649 " 1,173 " 941 (232) Liabilities: Accounts payable and accrued expenses 570 529 (41) 263 300 37 105 135 30 " 2,100 " " 1,900 " (200) 105 38 (67) Interest payable 40 35 (5) 15 24 9 6 11 5 200 200 - 10 4 (6) Taxes payable 43 45 2 25 12 (13) 10 5 (5) - 120 120 - 2 2 Short-term debt 140 160 20 125 300 175 50 135 85 - - - - - - Intra-entity debt - - - - - - - - - - 500 500 - 15 15 Long-term debt " 1,300 " " 1,100 " (200) 550 700 150 220 315 95 " 3,000 " " 2,000 " " (1,000)" 150 40 (110) Deferred taxes 252 342 90 - - - - - - - - - - - - Total liabilities " 2,345 " " 2,211 " (134) 978 " 1,336 " 358 391 601 210 " 5,300 " " 4,720 " (580) 265 99 (166) Stockholders' equity: Capital stock 550 550 - " 1,300 " " 1,300 " - 455 455 - " 1,375 " " 1,375 " - 275 275 - Retained earnings " 2,730 " " 3,027 " 297 " 1,385 " " 1,451 " 66 526 554 28 " 3,225 " " 4,454 " " 1,229 " 633 567 (66) Cumulative translation adjustment - - - - - - 93 229 136 - - - - - - Total stockholders' equity " 3,280 " " 3,577 " 297 " 2,685 " " 2,751 " 66 " 1,074 " " 1,238 " 164 " 4,600 " " 5,829 " " 1,229 " 908 842 (66) Total liabilities and stockholders' equity " 5,625 " " 5,788 " 163 " 3,663 " " 4,087 " 424 " 1,465 " " 1,839 " 374 " 9,900 " " 10,549 " 649 " 1,173 " 941 (232) ##### [230-830-55-8](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/230/830/#230-830-55-8) Pending content: no Source downloaded (UTC): 2026-09-09T23:12:06.060Z to 2026-09-09T23:12:06.060Z Record version: sha256:4f0961ad3f5700fee391657825d73cbaced44d8373cf20148fa822e218b4bfc5 Snapshot version: sha256:15aea8165dff9f5ae47d9484f8470588b13b307f56e1d50801bf4d85ec190e3f Effective as of: not established by retrieval timestamps. Statements of income in local currency and U.S. dollars for each of the foreign subsidiaries are as follows. - ![ ](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc-img/GUID-306774E0-9C8C-45D8-97E9-ED6EE5EE001A-low.gif) STATEMENTS OF INCOME "FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 19X1" Subsidiary A Subsidiary B Local Currency U.S. Dollars Local Currency U.S Dollars Revenues " LC 2,179 " USD 925 (a) " LC 19,000 " USD 570 Cost of sales " (1,458)" (615) (b) " (9,667)" (406) Depreciation and amortization (198) (85) (600) (90) General and administrative expenses (256) (110) " (2,167)" (65) Interest expense (209) (90) " (4,500)" (135) Gain (loss) on sale of equipment - - 150 (25) Miscellaneous income (expense) 105 45 (167) (5) Exchange gain - - - 115 Income before income taxes 163 70 " 2,049 " (41) Provision for income taxes (47) (20) (820) (25) Net income LC 116 USD 50 " LC 1,229 " USD (66) (a) This amount was computed as follows: Sale to parent entity at beginning of year LC 400@.40 = USD 160 Sales to customers " LC 1,779@.43 = " 765 Total sales in U.S. dollars USD 925 (b) This amount was computed as follows: Cost of sale to parent entity at beginning of year LC 400@.40 = USD 160 Cost of sales to customers " LC 1,058@.43 = " 455 Total cost of sales in U.S. dollars USD 615 ##### [230-830-55-9](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/230/830/#230-830-55-9) Pending content: no Source downloaded (UTC): 2026-09-09T23:12:06.060Z to 2026-09-09T23:12:06.060Z Record version: sha256:59020b5acf8e3609cb25757ab0e6d6628d6e660bcf78265028ad22d3db5998f7 Snapshot version: sha256:15aea8165dff9f5ae47d9484f8470588b13b307f56e1d50801bf4d85ec190e3f Effective as of: not established by retrieval timestamps. All of the following transactions were entered into during the year by the parent entity and are reflected in the preceding financial statements: 1. a The parent entity invested cash in excess of daily requirements in U.S. Treasury bills. Interest earned on such investments totaled USD 35. 2. b The parent entity sold excess property with a net book value of USD 35 for USD 150. 3. c The parent entity's capital expenditures totaled USD 450. 4. d The parent entity wrote down to its estimated net realizable value of USD 25 a facility with a net book value of USD 75. 5. e The parent entity's short-term debt consisted of commercial paper with maturities not exceeding 60 days. 6. f The parent entity repaid long-term notes of USD 200. 7. g The parent entity's depreciation totaled USD 340, and amortization of intangible assets totaled USD 10. 8. h The parent entity's provision for income taxes included deferred taxes of USD 90. 9. i Because of a change in product design, the parent entity purchased all of Subsidiary A's beginning inventory for its book value of USD 160. All of the inventory was subsequently sold by the parent entity. 10. j The parent entity received a dividend of USD 22 from Subsidiary A. The dividend was credited to the parent entity's income. 11. k The parent entity purchased from Subsidiary B USD 270 of merchandise of which USD 45 remained in the parent entity's inventory at year-end. Intra-entity profit on the remaining inventory totaled USD 15. 12. l The parent entity loaned USD 15, payable in U.S. dollars, to Subsidiary B. 13. m Entity F paid dividends totaling USD 120 to shareholders. ##### [230-830-55-10](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/230/830/#230-830-55-10) Pending content: no Source downloaded (UTC): 2026-09-09T23:12:06.060Z to 2026-09-09T23:12:06.060Z Record version: sha256:82d78fb555de9b92141b4a9cabc394c773cd0ddc102e7c06fe7e12573790f7b5 Snapshot version: sha256:15aea8165dff9f5ae47d9484f8470588b13b307f56e1d50801bf4d85ec190e3f Effective as of: not established by retrieval timestamps. All of the following transactions were entered into during the year by Subsidiary A and are reflected in the above financial statements. The U.S. dollar equivalent of the local currency amount based on the exchange rate at the date of each transaction is included. Except for the sale of inventory to the parent entity (the transaction in \[a\]), Subsidiary A's sales and purchases and operating cash receipts and payments occurred evenly throughout the year. 1. a Because of a change in product design, Subsidiary A sold all of its beginning inventory to the parent entity for its book value of LC 400 (USD 160). 2. b Subsidiary A sold equipment for its book value of LC 275 (USD 116) and purchased new equipment at a cost of LC 600 (USD 258). 3. c Subsidiary A issued an additional LC 175 (USD 75) of 30-day notes and renewed the notes at each maturity date. 4. d Subsidiary A issued long-term debt of LC 400 (USD 165) and repaid long-term debt of LC 250 (USD 105). 5. e Subsidiary A paid a dividend to the parent entity of LC 50 (USD 22). ##### [230-830-55-11](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/230/830/#230-830-55-11) Pending content: no Source downloaded (UTC): 2026-09-09T23:12:06.060Z to 2026-09-09T23:12:06.060Z Record version: sha256:cbeaf4d6c9bf2aad251a2bfe80fe83dfed6fd5831a4a6a5015f50cf3fe539a91 Snapshot version: sha256:15aea8165dff9f5ae47d9484f8470588b13b307f56e1d50801bf4d85ec190e3f Effective as of: not established by retrieval timestamps. The following transactions were entered into during the year by Subsidiary B and are reflected in the preceding financial statements. The U.S. dollar equivalent of the local currency amount based on the exchange rate at the date of each transaction is included. Subsidiary B's sales and operating cash receipts and payments occurred evenly throughout the year. For convenience, all purchases of inventory were based on the weighted-average exchange rate for the year. Subsidiary B uses the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method of inventory valuation. 1. a Subsidiary B had sales to the parent entity as follows. - ![ ](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc-img/GUID-75F457E0-C421-43C8-81BB-D500FBCD101D-low.gif) Local Currency U.S. Dollars Intra-entity sales " LC 9,000 " USD 270 Cost of sales " (4,500)" (180) Gross profit " LC 4,500 " USD 90 2. b Subsidiary B sold equipment with a net book value of LC 200 (USD 39) for LC 350 (USD 14). New equipment was purchased at a cost of LC 500 (USD 15). 3. c Subsidiary B borrowed USD 15 (LC 500), payable in U.S. dollars, from the parent entity. 4. d Subsidiary B repaid LC 1,000 (USD 35) of long-term debt. ##### [230-830-55-12](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/230/830/#230-830-55-12) Pending content: no Source downloaded (UTC): 2026-09-09T23:12:06.060Z to 2026-09-09T23:12:06.060Z Record version: sha256:3fa7311a27970f78dd04c1006b43fc6377990ed904fa97d5501080366637a725 Snapshot version: sha256:15aea8165dff9f5ae47d9484f8470588b13b307f56e1d50801bf4d85ec190e3f Effective as of: not established by retrieval timestamps. Statements of cash flows in the local currency and in U.S. dollars for Subsidiary A and Subsidiary B are as follows. - ![ ](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc-img/GUID-4D6AD280-BDB0-47CB-BB48-ED09C91B0ED3-low.gif) STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS "FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 19X1" Increase (Decrease) in Cash Subsidiary A Subsidiary B Local Currency U.S. Dollars Local Currency U.S Dollars Cash flows from operating activities: Cash received from customers " LC 2,094 " (a) USD 888 (a) " LC 18,700 " (a) USD 561 (a) Cash paid to suppliers and employees " (1,902)" (a) (806) (a) " (12,334)" (a) (370) (a) Interest paid (200) (86) (b) " (4,500)" (135) (b) Income taxes paid (60) (25) (b) (700) (21) (b) Miscellaneous receipts (payments) 105 45 (b) (167) (5) (b) Net cash provided by operating activities 37 16 999 30 Cash flows from investing activities: Proceeds from sale of equipment 275 116 (c) 350 14 (c) Payments for purchase of equipment (600) (258) (c) (500) (15) (c) Net cash used in investing activities (325) (142) (150) (1) Cash flows from financing activities: Proceeds from issuance of short-term debt 175 75 (c) - - Proceeds from intra-entity loan - - 500 15 (c) Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt 400 165 (c) - - Repayment of long-term debt (250) (105) (c) " (1,000)" (35) (c) Payment of dividends (50) (22) (c) - - Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities 275 113 (500) (20) Effect of exchange rate changes on cash - 9 (d) - (5) (d) Net increase (decrease) in cash (13) (4) 349 4 Cash at beginning of year 38 15 100 5 Cash at end of year LC 25 USD 11 LC 449 USD 9 (a) The computation of this amount is provided in paragraph 830-230-55-14. (b) This amount represents the U.S. dollar equivalent of the foreign currency cash flow based on the weighted-average exchange rate for the year. (c) This amount represents the U.S. dollar equivalent of the foreign currency cash flow based on the exchange rate in effect at the time of the cash flow. (d) The computation of this amount is provided in paragraph 830-230-55-15. ##### [230-830-55-13](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/230/830/#230-830-55-13) Pending content: no Source downloaded (UTC): 2026-09-09T23:12:06.060Z to 2026-09-09T23:12:06.060Z Record version: sha256:e0467bf1bef7d7b083416b3cd4533ed7f6f1aaa68042f772c5adb9957248427b Snapshot version: sha256:15aea8165dff9f5ae47d9484f8470588b13b307f56e1d50801bf4d85ec190e3f Effective as of: not established by retrieval timestamps. A reconciliation of net income to net cash provided by operating activities follows. - ![ ](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc-img/GUID-2CAE952F-A744-4D8C-8763-3B35F029F66B-low.gif) Subsidiary A Subsidiary B Local Currency U.S. Dollars Local Currency U.S Dollars Net income LC 116 USD 50 " LC 1,229 " USD (66) Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: Depreciation and amortization 198 85 (a) 600 90 (b) (Gain) loss on sale of equipment - - (150) 25 (b) Exchange gain - - - (115) (c) Increase in accounts receivable (85) (37) (a) (300) (9) (a) Increase (decrease) in inventory (225) (97) (a) (300) 107 (d) Increase (decrease) in accounts payable and accrued expenses 37 16 (a) (200) (6) (a) Increase (decrease) in interest and taxes payable (4) (1) (a) 120 4 (a) Net cash provided by operating activities LC 37 USD 16 LC 999 USD 30 (a) This amount represents the U.S. dollar equivalent of the foreign currency amount based on the weighted-average exchange rate for the year. (b) This amount represents the U.S. dollar equivalent of the foreign currency amount based on historical exchange rates. (c) This amount represents the exchange gain included in net income as a result of remeasuring Subsidiary B's financial statements from the local currency to U.S. dollars. (d) This amount represents the difference between beginning and ending inventory after remeasurement into U.S. dollars based on historical exchange rates. ##### [230-830-55-14](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/230/830/#230-830-55-14) Pending content: no Source downloaded (UTC): 2026-09-09T23:12:06.060Z to 2026-09-09T23:12:06.060Z Record version: sha256:9dc14b3887700f37d40d58272fb6ccdd33a1ffd94b380e60ef43f6498a231009 Snapshot version: sha256:15aea8165dff9f5ae47d9484f8470588b13b307f56e1d50801bf4d85ec190e3f Effective as of: not established by retrieval timestamps. The following is the computation of cash received from customers and cash paid to suppliers and employees as reported in the consolidating statement of cash flows for Entity F appearing in paragraph [830-230-55-2](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/230/830/#230-830-55-2). - ![ ](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc-img/GUID-DE60AA57-F0AF-4A0B-BADB-8E73C986B0D9-low.gif) Subsidiary A Subsidiary B Parent Entity Local Currency U.S. Dollars Local Currency U.S. Dollars Cash received from customers during the year Revenues USD 4695 " LC 2,179 " USD 925 " LC 19,000 " USD 570 Increase in accounts receivable (85) (85) (37) (300) (9) Cash received from customers USD 4610 " LC 2,094 " USD 888 " LC 18,700 " USD 561 Cash paid to suppliers and employees during the year Cost of sales USD 3210 " LC 1,458 " USD 615 " LC 9,667 " USD 406 Effect of exchange rate changes on cost of sales - - - - (116) (a) General and administrative expenses 425 256 110 " 2,167 " 65 Total operating expenses requiring cash payments " 3,635 " " 1,714 " 725 " 11,834 " 355 Increase in inventory 80 225 97 300 9 (Increase) decrease in accounts payable and accrued expenses 41 (37) (16) 200 6 Cash paid to suppliers and employees USD 3756 " LC 1,902 " USD 806 " LC 12,334 " USD 370 (a) "This adjustment represents the difference between cost of sales remeasured at historical exchange rates (USD 406) and cost of sales translated based on the weighted-average exchange rate for the year (USD 290). The adjustment is necessary because cash payments for inventory, which were made evenly throughout the year, were based on the weighted-average exchange rate for the year." ##### [230-830-55-15](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc/230/830/#230-830-55-15) Pending content: no Source downloaded (UTC): 2026-09-09T23:12:06.060Z to 2026-09-09T23:12:06.060Z Record version: sha256:0b592a448f0075d3417ae429e16ad72309b0737f5bb0206c4508bb43e6635121 Snapshot version: sha256:15aea8165dff9f5ae47d9484f8470588b13b307f56e1d50801bf4d85ec190e3f Effective as of: not established by retrieval timestamps. The following is the computation of the effect of exchange rate changes on cash for Subsidiary A and Subsidiary B. - ![ ](https://asc.understandingaccounting.org/asc-img/GUID-7510AC04-263D-4ED7-B4D8-30627EB4B8B2-low.gif) COMPUTATION OF EFFECT OF EXCHANGE RATE CHANGES ON CASH Subsidiary A Subsidiary B Effect on beginning cash balance: Beginning cash balance in local currency LC 38 LC 100 Net change in exchange rate during the year × .05 × (.03 ) Effect on beginning cash balance USD 2 USD (3) Effect from operating activities during the year: Cash provided by operating activities in local currency LC 37 LC 999 Year-end exchange rate × .45 × .02 Operating cash flows based on year-end exchange rate USD 16 (a) USD 20 Operating cash flows reported in the statement of cash flows 16 30 Effect from operating activities during the year - (10) Effect from investing activities during the year: Cash used in investing activities in local currency LC (325) LC (150) Year-end exchange rate × .45 × .02 Investing cash flows based on year-end exchange rate USD (146) USD (3) Investing cash flows reported in the statement of cash flows (142) (1) Effect from investing activities during the year (4) (2) Effect from financing activities during the year: Cash provided by (used in) financing activities in local currency LC 275 LC (500) Year-end exchange rate × .45 × .02 Financing cash flows based on year-end USD 124 USD (10) Financing cash flows reported in the statement of cash flows 113 (20) Effect from financing activities during the year 11 10 Effect of exchange rate changes on cash USD 9 USD (5) (a) This amount includes the effect of rounding.