positive intent and ability to hold to maturity

Assets8

1. 320-10Overall320 Investments—Debt Securities

   ASC 320-10 governs the accounting and reporting for all investments in debt securities (post-ASU 2016-01, equity securities moved to Topic 321). At acquisition an entity must classify each debt security as trading, available-for-sale, or held-to-maturity (320-10-25-1) and document that classification (320-10-25-2); trading and AFS securities are carried at fair value (unrealized gains/losses in earnings and OCI, respectively) while HTM securities are carried at amortized cost (320-10-35-1). The Subtopic's core tension is the restrictive "positive intent and ability to hold to maturity" standard, the narrow list of sales/transfers that do not "taint" the HTM portfolio, and the required category disclosures.

2. 320-940Financial Services—Brokers and Dealers320 Investments—Debt Securities

   This subtopic governs how broker-dealers account for investments in debt and equity securities, covering both clearance/settlement activities (General) and proprietary trading (Proprietary Trading Securities). The core rules are that all regular-way trades are reflected on a trade-date basis (320-940-25-1), and proprietary security positions — both inventory and obligations for short inventory positions — are measured initially and subsequently at fair value with unrealized gains and losses included in profit or loss (320-940-30-2, 35-1, 35-2).

3. 320-942Financial Services—Depository and Lending320 Investments—Debt Securities

   This industry Subtopic supplements ASC 320-10 for depository and financial institutions (banks, thrifts, savings banks, credit unions, finance companies, insurance entities), addressing how they measure and disclose investments in debt and equity securities. Its core content is disclosure: securities must be broken out by prescribed major security types and by at least four maturity groupings, collateral pledged must be disclosed, and the accounting policy (including basis for classification) explained. It also confirms that amortization or accretion of debt securities generally runs from the purchase date to maturity, and that bank regulators' general divestiture authority does not by itself defeat held-to-maturity classification.

4. 320-944Financial Services—Insurance320 Investments—Debt Securities

   ASC 320-944 was the insurance-industry ("Financial Services—Insurance") incremental guidance layered onto Investments—Debt Securities. Every paragraph in this subtopic (05-1, 15-1, 15-2, 25-1, 50-1, 50-2) has been superseded by Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-01, so the subtopic contains no operative guidance. Insurance entities now follow the general guidance in ASC 320 for debt securities and ASC 321 for equity securities.

5. 320-946Financial Services—Investment Companies320 Investments—Debt Securities

   This Subtopic governs how an investment company (a fund) accounts for its portfolio of debt and equity securities, with special attention to high-yield debt securities such as zero-coupon, step, and payment-in-kind (PIK) bonds. Core rules: record purchases and sales on trade date, initially measure at transaction price including commissions, subsequently measure at fair value, recognize interest on step and PIK bonds using the interest method (with reserves when income is not expected to be realized), and record dividends on the ex-dividend date. It also prescribes the treatment of capital infusions, workout expenditures, and writeoffs of purchased versus accrued interest.

6. 320-954Health Care Entities320 Investments—Debt Securities

   ASC 320-954 was the health care entities industry supplement to the debt securities guidance in Topic 320, addressing scope, subsequent measurement, presentation (including where unrealized gains and losses appear in a health care entity's performance indicator) and related implementation examples. Every paragraph in the subtopic — Sections 05, 15, 35, 45 and 55 — was superseded by Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-01. As a result the subtopic contains no operative guidance; health care entities look instead to Topic 320 as amended and to Topic 321 for equity securities.

7. 320-958Not-for-Profit Entities320 Investments—Debt Securities

   This Subtopic (codified as 958-320) governs how not-for-profit entities account for investments in debt securities and sets disclosure rules for most NFP investments. The core rule is simple and different from the business-entity model: all debt securities held by an NFP are carried at fair value in the statement of financial position, with no held-to-maturity, trading, or available-for-sale classification. Purchased securities are initially measured at acquisition cost (excluding brokerage and other transaction fees); contributed securities and those received in agency transactions are initially measured at fair value.

8. 320-965Plan Accounting—Health and Welfare Benefit Plans320 Investments—Debt Securities

   ASC 320-965 tells health and welfare benefit plans how to account for their investments in debt and equity securities. Such securities are reported at fair value less costs to sell (if significant) at the financial statement date, and purchases and sales are ordinarily recorded on a trade-date basis. Settlement-date accounting is permitted only if the fair value did not change significantly between trade date and financial statement date and the transactions do not significantly affect the composition of plan assets available for benefits.