Revenue

ASC 210-912 formerly provided balance sheet classification and disclosure guidance for contractors with the federal government (e.g., presentation of receivables, unbilled amounts, and advances/progress payments on government contracts). Every paragraph in the subtopic — Sections 05, 15, 45, and 50 — was superseded by ASU 2014-09 (Revenue from Contracts with Customers). The subtopic is now an empty shell with no operative guidance; contract asset and contract liability presentation for government contractors is governed by ASC 606 (and ASC 340-40 for related costs).

ASC 235-912 formerly provided accounting-policy disclosure guidance in the notes to financial statements for entities contracting with the federal government. All of its content (paragraphs 235-912-05-1, 15-1 and 50-1) was superseded by ASU 2014-09, the revenue recognition standard, so the subtopic now carries no operative guidance.

ASC 310-920 formerly provided industry-specific guidance on receivables arising in broadcasting arrangements. Both of its substantive paragraphs — the overview/background paragraph (310-920-05-1) and the recognition paragraph (310-920-25-1) — were superseded by ASU No. 2014-09 (Revenue from Contracts with Customers). As a result, the subtopic contains no remaining operative guidance.

ASC 340-40 governs capitalization, amortization, and impairment of two kinds of contract costs for contracts within the scope of Topic 606: incremental costs of obtaining a contract and costs to fulfill a contract that are not within the scope of another Topic. Incremental costs of obtaining a contract (e.g., sales commissions) are capitalized if the entity expects to recover them (340-40-25-1), while fulfillment costs are capitalized only if they relate directly to an identifiable (or specifically anticipated) contract, generate or enhance resources used to satisfy future performance obligations, and are expected to be recovered (340-40-25-5). Capitalized amounts are amortized consistently with transfer of the related goods or services and tested for impairment, with no reversal of impairment losses.

ASC 340-910 was the construction-contractor branch of the "Other Assets and Deferred Costs" topic, addressing precontract and other deferred costs incurred by construction contractors. Every substantive paragraph (05-1, 15-1, and 50-1) was superseded by ASU 2014-09 (the revenue recognition standard), so the subtopic is now an empty shell with no operative guidance. Costs to obtain and fulfill a contract with a customer are now accounted for under ASC 340-40.

ASC 340-952 formerly contained the franchisor-specific guidance on deferred costs (for example, direct and indirect costs of franchise sales). Every paragraph in the subtopic — Sections 05, 15, and 25 — was superseded by ASU 2014-09 (Revenue from Contracts with Customers). Franchisors now account for costs of obtaining and fulfilling franchise contracts under ASC 340-40 and recognize franchise revenue under ASC 606 (including the industry guidance in ASC 952-606).

This Subtopic governs deferred cost recognition for real estate time-sharing activities. The default rule is that all costs incurred to sell time-sharing intervals are expensed as incurred unless they qualify for capitalization as incremental costs of obtaining a contract under 340-40-25-1 through 25-4. Seller financing costs (e.g., loan origination costs) follow Subtopic 310-20, and incremental costs to rent units during holding periods are deferred and then expensed (or netted against inventory) when the rental occurs.

ASC 360-20 formerly contained the specialized U.S. GAAP for recognizing profit on sales of real estate (the old FASB Statement No. 66 model with full accrual, installment, cost recovery, deposit, and percentage-of-completion methods, plus sale-leaseback and continuing-involvement rules). Every paragraph in the subtopic has been superseded — mostly by ASU 2014-09 (Revenue from Contracts with Customers) and ASU 2016-02 (Leases). Sales of real estate are now accounted for under ASC 606 if the counterparty is a customer, or under ASC 610-20 for sales of nonfinancial assets to noncustomers, with sale-leaseback transactions governed by ASC 842-40.

ASC 405-910 formerly provided liability guidance (offsetting/presentation and disclosure of advances, billings, and related contractor obligations) for construction contractors. Every paragraph in the subtopic — Sections 05, 15, 45, and 50 — was superseded by ASU 2014-09 (Revenue from Contracts with Customers). As a result, the subtopic contains no operative guidance; contract liabilities of construction contractors are now addressed under ASC 606 (and contract costs under ASC 340-40).

This Subtopic explains when a regulator's rate actions create liabilities (regulatory liabilities) for an entity with regulated operations. Three mechanisms create liabilities: required refunds to customers that meet the loss-contingency accrual criteria, current rates collected to recover costs expected to be incurred in the future for which the entity remains accountable, and gains or other reductions of net allowable costs that the regulator requires be amortized to customers over future periods. A regulator's actions can eliminate a liability only if the regulator's actions imposed it in the first place.

ASC 430-10 is now only a signpost: it contains no substantive recognition or measurement rules of its own. Its single remaining paragraph (430-10-05-1) directs readers to Topic 606 for guidance on deferred revenue and contract liabilities. The former recognition and relationship paragraphs (430-10-25-1 and 430-10-60-1) were superseded by ASU 2014-09.

ASC 430-922 formerly provided industry-specific guidance on deferred revenue for cable television companies (e.g., accounting for installation and hookup fees received before the related service was provided). Every paragraph in the subtopic — 430-922-05-1, 15-1, 25-1, 30-1, and 35-1 — was superseded by ASU 2014-09, the revenue recognition standard. As a result, the subtopic contains no operative guidance; cable television revenue and related contract liabilities are now accounted for under ASC 606.

This subtopic formerly addressed deferred revenue (advances and license fees received before recognition) for entertainment—films entities. Every substantive paragraph in Sections 05, 15, and 25 was superseded by ASU 2014-09 (the revenue standard), so the subtopic contains no remaining guidance. Film-related contract liabilities are now accounted for under ASC 606 and ASC 926-605/926-10 as amended.

ASC 430-928 was the deferred revenue guidance for the music industry (Entertainment—Music), addressing when amounts received (e.g., minimum guarantees or advances under licensing arrangements) had to be deferred rather than recognized. Every paragraph in the subtopic — 430-928-05-1, 430-928-15-1, and 430-928-25-1 — was superseded by ASU 2014-09 (Revenue from Contracts with Customers). No substantive guidance remains; music-industry deferred revenue questions are now answered under ASC 606 and the music-specific guidance in ASC 928-606.

ASC 430-954 formerly provided the deferred revenue guidance for health care entities, principally continuing care retirement communities (CCRCs) accounting for nonrefundable advance (entrance) fees and refundable advance fees. Every paragraph in the subtopic has been superseded by ASU 2014-09 (Revenue from Contracts with Customers), and the transition paragraph 430-954-65-1 was superseded on 06/26/2015 following ASU 2012-01. The subtopic therefore contains no operative guidance; deferred revenue for health care entities is now addressed under ASC 606 and ASC 954-405/954-606.

ASC 430-972 was the deferred revenue guidance for common interest realty associations (CIRAs) — e.g., condominium and homeowners' associations — addressing when assessments and similar member charges collected in advance had to be deferred rather than recognized. All of its substantive paragraphs (05-1, 15-1, 25-1) were superseded by ASU 2014-09, so the subtopic is now an empty shell. CIRA revenue and deferral questions are instead resolved under ASC 606 and the related contract liability guidance.

ASC 450-912 is the contingencies guidance specific to contractors dealing with the U.S. federal government. It addresses contingencies arising when a contract is terminated for the convenience of the government and contingencies related to subcontractor claims under those terminated contracts. The substantive recognition guidance is largely cross-referenced elsewhere—subcontractor claim contingencies are addressed in paragraph 912-20-25-3, and the former recognition paragraph was superseded by ASU 2014-09.

ASC 470-40 governs product financing arrangements — transactions in which a "sponsor" arranges for another entity to buy and hold inventory on its behalf (or controls the disposition of such product) with a related commitment to buy it back at specified prices covering the other entity's financing and holding costs. Because the sponsor is in substance the owner of the product, the arrangement is accounted for as a borrowing rather than a sale: the sponsor records the inventory as an asset and a corresponding liability when the other entity buys the product (470-40-25-1 through 25-2). After ASU 2014-09, sale-and-repurchase legs are handled under Topic 606, leaving this Subtopic focused on purchases made by another entity on the sponsor's behalf.

ASC 505-50 formerly governed the accounting for equity instruments (shares, options, warrants) issued to non-employees in exchange for goods or services, including measurement date, performance commitment, and counterparty-performance concepts. Every paragraph in the subtopic has been superseded — chiefly by ASU 2018-07 (Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting), with the share-based-payment-as-consideration-payable-to-a-customer paragraphs superseded earlier by ASU 2014-09 (Revenue from Contracts with Customers). As a result, the subtopic contains no operative guidance; nonemployee share-based payment awards are now accounted for under ASC 718.

ASC 605-10 is the residual "Overall" subtopic of the legacy Revenue Recognition Topic; after ASU 2014-09 substantially all of its recognition guidance was superseded and replaced by Topic 606. What remains is a navigational shell: it states that no revenue recognition guidance is located in Topic 605, points to industry Subtopics that still govern revenue for contracts not with customers within Topic 606's scope, and directs users to the Subtopics containing guidance on provisions for losses on onerous contracts.

ASC 605-15 was the legacy guidance on revenue recognition for sales of product, most notably sales with a right of return (and related product financing and industry arrangements). Every paragraph in the subtopic — background, scope, recognition, and presentation — has been superseded by ASU 2014-09, which replaced it with the revenue model in ASC 606. As a result, the subtopic contains no operative guidance today and exists only as a historical marker.

After ASU 2014-09 gutted most of legacy Topic 605, ASC 605-20 survives only as the guidance on recognizing a loss (onerous-contract provision) on separately priced extended warranty and product maintenance contracts. A separately priced contract is one whose price is not included in the original price of the covered product. If expected costs of providing the services plus any capitalized incremental cost of obtaining the contract exceed the related unearned revenue (contract liability), a loss must be recognized.

ASC 605-25 was the legacy guidance on multiple-element (multiple-deliverable) revenue arrangements — how a vendor decided whether deliverables in one contract were separate units of accounting and how to allocate arrangement consideration among them. Every paragraph of the subtopic has been superseded, principally by ASU 2014-09 (Revenue from Contracts with Customers), with a few earlier paragraphs superseded by ASU 2009-13. There is therefore no operative guidance left in 605-25; entities apply ASC 606 (and ASC 340-40) instead.

ASC 605-28 formerly provided the "milestone method" of revenue recognition, an accounting policy election that allowed a vendor in a research-and-development arrangement to recognize contingent milestone consideration in its entirety in the period the milestone was achieved, if the milestone was deemed substantive. Every paragraph of this subtopic — scope, recognition, disclosure, and transition — was superseded by ASU 2014-09 (Revenue from Contracts with Customers). Milestone-type contingent consideration is now accounted for as variable consideration under ASC 606, subject to the constraint on variable consideration.

ASC 605-30 was the legacy revenue recognition guidance for "Rights to Use" arrangements (transfers of rights to use property rather than sales of the property itself). Its substantive paragraphs — 605-30-05-1 (overview) and 605-30-25-1 (recognition) — were superseded by ASU 2014-09, so the subtopic is now an empty shell. Arrangements formerly analyzed here are accounted for under ASC 606 (or ASC 842 if the arrangement conveys a lease).

After ASU 2014-09 superseded the old percentage-of-completion/completed-contract revenue guidance, ASC 605-35 survives only as the loss-provision guidance for construction-type and production-type contracts — contracts built to a customer's specifications. Its core rule is that when current estimates of the consideration expected (measured under Topic 606's transaction price principles, without the variable consideration constraint, and adjusted for customer credit risk) fall below estimated contract costs, the entire anticipated loss is recognized immediately in the period it becomes evident. The subtopic also specifies whether the loss is measured at the contract, combined-contract, or performance obligation level, and how the provision is presented in the income statement and balance sheet.

ASC 605-40 formerly addressed gains and losses arising from involuntary conversions of nonmonetary assets (such as property destroyed by fire or taken by condemnation) into monetary assets like insurance or condemnation proceeds. Every paragraph in the subtopic — scope, recognition, measurement, presentation, and relationships — was superseded by ASU 2014-09 (the revenue recognition standard), so the subtopic contains no remaining authoritative guidance. Entities now look to ASC 610-30 for gains and losses on involuntary conversions and to ASC 606 for revenue from contracts with customers.

ASC 605-45 formerly governed whether a company reports revenue gross (as a principal) or net (as an agent), including guidance on shipping and handling costs and reimbursed out-of-pocket expenses. Every paragraph in the subtopic (Sections 05, 15, 45, 50, and 55) has been superseded by ASU No. 2014-09, so the subtopic contains no operative guidance. Gross-versus-net presentation is now determined under the principal-versus-agent (control) guidance in ASC 606-10-55-36 through 55-40.

ASC 605-50 was the legacy guidance on a vendor's accounting for consideration given to a customer or a reseller of the vendor's products (cash, credits, coupons, slotting fees, rebates, and similar sales incentives), including whether such consideration is a reduction of revenue or an expense and when to recognize it. Every paragraph in the subtopic — Sections 05, 15, 25, 45, 50, 55, and 60 — has been superseded by ASU 2014-09 (Revenue from Contracts with Customers). No operative guidance remains here; the topic is retained only as a historical marker for entities referencing pre-ASC 606 literature.

ASC 605-905 provides industry-specific revenue recognition guidance for agricultural entities, with separate General and Cooperatives Subsections. It requires government income replacement and subsidy payments (deficiency, disaster, and other program payments) to be recorded as additional income when the amount of and right to receive the payment can be reasonably determined (605-905-25-1). For agricultural cooperatives it describes accepted methods of allocating overall, departmental, and functional losses among patrons, equities, and unallocated retained earnings, and distinguishes patronage from nonpatronage earnings (605-905-45-1). Most of the customer-revenue paragraphs were superseded by ASU 2014-09.

ASC 605-908 was the legacy industry-specific revenue recognition guidance for airlines (passenger ticket sales, frequent flyer/mileage programs, and related items). Every paragraph in Sections 05, 15, and 25 has been superseded by Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09, so the subtopic contains no operative guidance. Airline revenue is now accounted for under ASC 606 (with airline-specific implementation guidance in ASC 606-10-55 and Subtopic 908-606).

ASC 605-910 was the construction-contractor revenue guidance nested in the legacy revenue recognition topic (ASC 605). Every substantive paragraph in Sections 05, 15, 25, and 50 was superseded by ASU 2014-09 (Revenue from Contracts with Customers), leaving the subtopic as an empty shell. Construction contractors now apply ASC 606 for revenue and ASC 340-40 for contract costs.

ASC 605-912 was the legacy industry guidance on revenue recognition for contractors with the U.S. federal government, covering matters such as recognition of fees, contract terminations, renegotiation and price redetermination. Every paragraph in the subtopic (Sections 05, 15, 25, and 50) was superseded by ASU 2014-09, so the subtopic contains no remaining substantive guidance. Federal government contractors now apply ASC 606 (with related guidance in ASC 340-40) and, if applicable, the residual industry guidance in ASC 912.

ASC 605-915 formerly provided revenue recognition guidance specific to development stage entities (pre-revenue enterprises devoting efforts to establishing a new business). Every remaining paragraph in this subtopic (05-1, 15-1, 25-1) was superseded by ASU 2014-10, which eliminated the concept of a "development stage entity" from U.S. GAAP. As a result, there is no separate revenue guidance for such entities; they apply the same revenue recognition standards as any other entity.

ASC 605-920 formerly provided industry-specific revenue recognition guidance for broadcasters (entertainment industry), including recognition of barter and license/advertising revenue. All of its substantive paragraphs (605-920-05-1 and 605-920-25-1) were superseded by ASU 2014-09, so the subtopic is now an empty shell. Broadcaster revenue is instead accounted for under the general revenue model in ASC 606, with related industry guidance in ASC 926.

ASC 605-922 formerly contained industry-specific revenue recognition guidance for cable television entities (e.g., accounting for installation and hookup revenue and initial subscriber fees). Every paragraph in the subtopic — scope, background, and recognition — was superseded by ASU 2014-09, the revenue recognition standard. Cable television revenue is now accounted for under ASC 606, with related industry guidance in ASC 922 and contract cost guidance in ASC 340-40.

ASC 605-924 formerly contained the industry-specific revenue recognition guidance for casinos (gaming revenue, casino jackpot liabilities, and related presentation). Every substantive paragraph has been superseded by ASU 2014-09, so the subtopic carries no remaining guidance. Casino revenue is now accounted for under ASC 606, with any surviving industry considerations in ASC 924 and ASC 606-10-55.

ASC 605-926 formerly contained the industry-specific revenue recognition guidance for entertainment—films (licensing of films to theaters, television, home video, and other markets). Every paragraph in the subtopic — scope, recognition, disclosure, and implementation guidance — was superseded by ASU 2014-09 (the revenue standard). Film revenue is now accounted for under ASC 606, with related industry guidance retained in ASC 926-605 and other 926 subtopics.

ASC 605-928 formerly provided industry-specific revenue recognition guidance for the music industry (licensors of music rights, record masters, and related fees). Every paragraph in the subtopic — scope, recognition, initial measurement, and relationships sections — was superseded by ASU 2014-09 (Revenue from Contracts with Customers). Entities now account for music-industry revenue under ASC 606 and, for licensing arrangements, ASC 606-10-55-54 through 55-65, with residual industry guidance in ASC 928.

ASC 605-932 was the oil and gas industry-specific guidance under the legacy revenue recognition model (ASC 605), addressing revenue recognition for extractive activities such as gas balancing arrangements. Every substantive paragraph in the subtopic (05-1, 15-1, 25-2, and 50-1) was superseded by ASU 2014-09, so the subtopic now contains no operative guidance. Oil and gas revenue is instead accounted for under ASC 606, with industry-specific application guidance in ASC 932-606.

ASC 605-940 formerly provided industry-specific revenue recognition guidance for brokers and dealers in securities (e.g., trade-date recognition of commissions and related expenses, and measurement of such revenues). Every paragraph in the subtopic — Sections 05, 15, 25 and 30 — was superseded by ASU 2014-09, so the subtopic contains no remaining operative guidance. Broker-dealer revenue from contracts with customers is now accounted for under ASC 606, with related industry implementation guidance in ASC 940-605.

ASC 605-942 was the industry-specific revenue recognition guidance for depository and lending institutions (financial services) under the legacy ASC 605 model. Every paragraph in its Overview (05), Scope (15), and Recognition (25) sections was superseded by ASU 2014-09, so the subtopic contains no operative guidance. Revenue from contracts with customers for banks and lenders is now addressed under ASC 606 (with financial-instrument-related income remaining in ASC 310, 320, 815, 825, 942, etc.).

ASC 944-605 governs when and how insurance entities recognize premium revenue, split into short-duration, long-duration, reinsurance, and financial guarantee subsections. Short-duration premiums are earned over the contract (or risk) period in proportion to insurance protection provided; long-duration premiums are recognized when due from policyholders; universal life-type contract revenue is limited to amounts assessed against policyholders, with front-end fees deferred as unearned revenue. Reinsurance sections address prepaid reinsurance premiums, deferral and amortization of retroactive reinsurance gains, and the open year versus periodic method for foreign reinsurance.

ASC 605-946 was the legacy revenue recognition guidance for investment company activities (notably investment advisers' incentive/performance-based fee arrangements) under the superseded Topic 605 model. Every paragraph in Sections 05, 15, 25, and 50 was superseded by ASU 2014-09 (Revenue from Contracts with Customers). The subtopic now contains no operative guidance; revenue from such contracts is accounted for under ASC 606 (with related costs under ASC 340-40).

ASC 605-948 formerly provided revenue recognition guidance for mortgage banking activities (notably loan servicing fees and related mortgage banking revenues) under the legacy ASC 605 model. Every paragraph in the subtopic — Sections 05, 15, and 25 — was superseded by ASU 2014-09 (Revenue from Contracts with Customers). The subtopic therefore contains no operative guidance today; mortgage banking revenue is addressed under ASC 606 and the specialized guidance retained in ASC 948.

ASC 605-952 formerly contained the industry-specific revenue recognition guidance for franchisors (initial franchise fees, area franchise sales, continuing fees, and related disclosures). Every paragraph in the subtopic — Sections 05, 15, 25, 35, 40, 45, and 50 — has been superseded by ASU 2014-09 (Revenue from Contracts with Customers). Franchisors now apply ASC 606 (with ASC 340-40 for contract costs), including the franchisor-specific implementation guidance and, for private companies, the practical expedient added by ASU 2021-02.

After ASU 2014-09 superseded most of its content, ASC 605-954 retains only two pieces of health care recognition guidance: charity care and distributions from financially interrelated fundraising (recipient) entities. Charity care is never recognized as revenue, and distributions from a related fundraising foundation are generally a reduction of the health care entity's interest in that recipient entity rather than contribution revenue. Revenue from contracts with patients and other customers is now governed by Topic 606.

ASC 958-605 governs revenue recognition by not-for-profit entities, principally contributions received. Its core rules are (1) distinguishing contributions (no commensurate value to the resource provider) from exchange transactions accounted for under Topic 606, (2) recognizing unconditional contributions as revenue or gains at fair value when received while conditional contributions (a barrier plus a right of return/release) are deferred as refundable advances until the barrier is substantially met, and (3) classifying contributions as with or without donor restrictions. It also covers agency-type transfers where an NFP recipient acts as intermediary, agent, or trustee for a donor and a specified third-party beneficiary.

ASC 605-970 formerly provided the legacy revenue recognition guidance for real estate—general transactions (including profit recognition and measurement on real estate sales). Every paragraph in the subtopic — Sections 05, 15, 25, 30, 35, and 55 — was superseded by ASU 2014-09 (Revenue from Contracts with Customers). No substantive guidance remains; entities apply ASC 606 (and ASC 610-20 for sales of nonfinancial assets to noncustomers) instead.

ASC 605-972 formerly provided revenue recognition guidance for common interest realty associations (CIRAs), such as condominium and homeowners' associations, addressing assessments from members. Every paragraph in the subtopic — scope, recognition, presentation, and disclosure — was superseded by ASU 2014-09 (Revenue from Contracts with Customers). CIRA revenue transactions are now evaluated under ASC 606, with any surviving industry guidance located in ASC 606-10 or ASC 972.

ASC 605-974 formerly provided industry-specific revenue recognition guidance for real estate investment trusts under the legacy ASC 605 revenue model. Every paragraph in the subtopic (Sections 05, 15, 25, 45, and 50) was superseded by ASU 2014-09, the revenue standard. REIT revenue transactions are now accounted for under ASC 606 (contracts with customers) or, for rental income, under the leases guidance in ASC 842.

ASC 605-976 formerly contained the industry-specific revenue recognition guidance for retail land sales (sales of lots in subdivided developments, typically on installment contracts with refund/cancellation periods), including the percentage-of-completion and installment methods for such sales. Every paragraph in the subtopic — Sections 05, 15, 25, 30, 35, and 55 — was superseded by Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09 (Revenue from Contracts with Customers). The subtopic therefore contains no remaining operative guidance; retail land sales are now accounted for under ASC 606 (and ASC 610-20 for sales of nonfinancial assets to noncustomers).

ASC 605-978 formerly contained the specialized revenue recognition guidance for real estate time-sharing transactions (interval sales, vacation clubs), including profit recognition tests, buyer's commitment and continuing investment thresholds, relative sales value accounting, and reload/upgrade transactions. Every paragraph in every section of the subtopic was superseded by Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09. Time-sharing revenue is now accounted for under ASC 606, with transfers of real estate outside a customer contract addressed in ASC 610-20.

ASC 605-980 is the surviving remnant of the old revenue standard for entities with regulated operations (and nonutility generators), governing recognition of revenue from "alternative revenue programs" — regulator-authorized adjustments to future billings for past events. Type A programs adjust billings for weather abnormalities, broad external factors, or demand-side management; Type B programs award incentives for achieving objectives such as cost reduction or improved service. Revenue is recognized once the triggering events are complete if the program arises from a regulatory order allowing automatic rate adjustment, the amount is objectively determinable and probable of recovery, and collection occurs within 24 months after the end of the annual period of recognition (605-980-25-4).

After ASU 2014-09 gutted nearly all of its content, ASC 605-985 survives only to address recognizing a provision for losses on contracts to deliver software or a software system (alone or with other products and services) that require significant production, modification, or customization of software. It expressly provides no revenue recognition guidance; revenue for such arrangements is accounted for under Topic 606, with the loss provision guidance in Subtopic 605-35. If it becomes probable that the transaction price allocated to an unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied performance obligation will produce a loss, that loss is recognized under Topic 450.

ASC 606-10 is the general revenue recognition model for contracts with customers: revenue is recognized to depict the transfer of promised goods or services in an amount reflecting the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled. It is applied through five steps — identify the contract, identify the performance obligations, determine the transaction price, allocate that price to the performance obligations, and recognize revenue as each obligation is satisfied when the customer obtains control (606-10-05-4). It also sets the scope exclusions (leases, insurance, financial instruments, guarantees, certain nonmonetary exchanges), balance sheet presentation of contract assets/liabilities and receivables, and a broad disclosure package.

This subtopic gives franchisors that are not public business entities a practical expedient for identifying performance obligations under Topic 606. Rather than applying the general distinct analysis to the franchise license, a private franchisor may treat listed pre-opening services (site selection, facility assistance, training, manuals, bookkeeping/IT/advisory, quality control) as distinct from the franchise license, and may further elect as an accounting policy to treat all such pre-opening services as a single performance obligation. The expedient affects only step 2 of the model; allocation of transaction price and timing of recognition still follow Topic 606.

ASC 610-10 is the Overall subtopic of the Other Income Topic, which covers income that is not revenue from a contract with a customer under Topic 606 and is not addressed by other Topics (such as Topic 842 on leases or Topic 944 on insurance) or other revenue/income recognition guidance. It is largely a scope-setting subtopic: it establishes the pervasive scope for Topic 610 and identifies its Subtopics — Overall (610-10), Gains and Losses from the Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets (610-20), and Gains and Losses on Involuntary Conversions (610-30). The guidance applies to all entities.

ASC 610-20 governs how an entity recognizes and measures gains or losses when it derecognizes nonfinancial assets (and "in substance nonfinancial assets") transferred to counterparties who are not customers — for example, sales of real estate, intangibles, IPR&D, or ownership interests in a non-business subsidiary holding only such assets. The entity first applies Topic 810 to determine whether it retains a controlling financial interest, then applies Topic 606's contract-existence, distinct-asset, and transfer-of-control criteria to decide when to derecognize each distinct asset, and computes gain or loss as the difference between consideration (transaction price plus the carrying amount of liabilities assumed or relieved) and the asset's carrying amount (610-20-25-1 through 25-7; 610-20-32-2).

ASC 705-10 is a "pointer" subtopic: it contains almost no substantive rules of its own and instead links to the Topics where cost of sales and services guidance actually resides. This structure follows from the Codification's asset liability model, under which costs are recognized as assets are sold or remeasured (or liabilities incurred), so the guidance sits in Topics such as 330 (inventory), 360 (PP&E), 606/340-40 (customer contracts), and 718 (share-based payment).

ASC 705-20 governs how a customer (often a reseller) accounts for cash, credits, coupons, or vouchers received from a vendor. The default rule is that vendor consideration reduces the purchase price of the goods or services acquired (705-20-25-1), unless it is payment for a distinct good or service transferred to the vendor, a reimbursement of specific incremental costs incurred to sell the vendor's products, or reimbursement for the vendor's sales incentives offered directly to consumers. The Subtopic also prescribes systematic and rational recognition of volume/loyalty rebates payable under binding arrangements.

ASC 705-912 formerly contained cost-of-sales guidance for contractors with the federal government, addressing matters such as contract costs and related recognition and disclosure. Every paragraph in the subtopic (scope, recognition, and disclosure) was superseded by ASU 2014-09 (Revenue from Contracts with Customers). The subtopic is therefore an empty shell; federal government contractors now apply ASC 606 and the cost guidance in ASC 340-40.

ASC 705-976 addresses the measurement of costs related to retail land sales, using the same scope as the Real Estate—Retail Land Overall Subtopic (976-10-15). Its substantive initial measurement guidance was superseded by ASU 2014-09, so the Subtopic now simply directs preparers to Subtopic 340-40 for incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer and costs to fulfill a contract.

ASC 720-952 was the franchisor-specific guidance on other expenses (franchise costs such as direct and indirect costs of franchise sales and continuing franchise services). Every paragraph in the subtopic has been superseded — the recognition, presentation and other guidance by Maintenance Update 2017-09 and the disclosure paragraph by ASU 2014-09 (Revenue from Contracts with Customers). As a result, the subtopic contains no operative guidance today; franchisor cost accounting is addressed under ASC 606 and ASC 340-40.

This subtopic governs how a time-share seller accounts for other expenses of time-sharing activities — chiefly selling and marketing costs and subsidies of the owners association. The core rule is that all costs incurred to sell time-sharing intervals are expensed as incurred unless they qualify for capitalization as costs to obtain a contract under ASC 340-40-25-1 through 25-4, and seller payments of dues, maintenance fees, or subsidies of owners association losses are likewise expensed as incurred.

This subtopic tells government contractors how to account for best-efforts-basis, research-and-development-cost-sharing arrangements with the federal government. When all six scope conditions in 730-912-15-2 are met (qualifying R&D, contractor retains rights to data/results, best-efforts-only obligation, mutual expectation that costs will exceed funding, no contract combination under 606-10-25-9, and the federal government as sole or principal ultimate customer), the arrangement is not a revenue contract under Topic 606. Instead, costs are expensed as R&D as incurred under Topic 730, and customer funding is recorded as an offset to aggregate R&D expense rather than as contract revenue (730-912-25-1).

ASC 808-10 defines collaborative arrangements — contractual arrangements involving a joint operating activity between two or more active participants who are exposed to significant risks and rewards dependent on the endeavor's commercial success, and that are not primarily conducted through a separate legal entity. The Topic governs income statement presentation, classification, and disclosure, not recognition or measurement generally. Third-party transactions are reported gross or net based on the principal-versus-agent guidance in Topic 606, and payments between participants are accounted for under Topic 606 only when the counterparty is a customer for a distinct unit of account; otherwise presentation is by analogy or a reasonable, rational, consistently applied policy election.

This Subtopic applies the derivatives and hedging guidance of Topic 815 to casinos and to the casino operations of other entities. Its single substantive rule is a scope-out: fixed-odds wagering contracts — bets where the odds of winning are known or knowable when placed (e.g., certain sports and race wagers) — are not accounted for as derivatives by the casino that issues them. Instead, the casino treats them as revenue transactions under Topic 606.

ASC 815-980 addresses long-term power sales contracts, including those entered into by nonutility generators that sell power (often to rate-regulated utilities) under contracts with stated prices, formula-based prices, or a combination. The core rule is that if such a contract meets the definition of a derivative, it is marked to fair value through earnings unless designated in a qualifying hedging relationship; otherwise Topic 606 applies. Contracts that qualify for the normal purchases and normal sales scope exception in 815-10-15-13(b) are accounted for under this Section rather than as derivatives.

This subtopic applies the financial instruments guidance to insurance entities, covering investment contracts and disclosures about concentrations of credit risk arising from reinsurance contracts. Amounts received under investment contracts are not revenue; they are recorded as liabilities and accounted for like interest-bearing or other financial instruments, with related deferred acquisition costs reported as an asset. Ceding entities must disclose credit risk concentrations for reinsurance recoverables and prepaid reinsurance premiums, and must disclose the carrying amount of securities deposited with state regulatory authorities.

This Subtopic tells federal government contractors when interest cost may (and may not) be capitalized. Because assets built under contracts where revenue is recognized over time are "employed in the earnings activities" of the contractor (and often involve routinely produced inventories), interest capitalization is prohibited for those long-term contracts. Only when revenue is recognized at a point in time and fulfillment costs are capitalized as an asset under Subtopic 340-40 can those costs be qualifying assets for interest capitalization, and then the investment is limited to uncollected receivables net of related non-interest-bearing liabilities.

This subtopic applies the general interest capitalization rules of Subtopic 835-20 to oil- and gas-producing operations that use the full cost method. Costs already being depreciated, depleted, or amortized are treated as assets in use and do not qualify for interest capitalization, while unusually significant unproved properties and major development projects not yet being amortized and on which exploration or development is in progress do qualify. It also addresses pipeline advances made to encourage exploration, which fall within the imputation-of-interest exclusion in 835-30-15-3(b) unless the advance is in a Topic 606 contract with a customer.

ASC 842-40 governs sale and leaseback transactions, in which a seller-lessee transfers an asset to a buyer-lessor and leases it back. The threshold question is whether the transfer qualifies as a sale under Topic 606's control-transfer guidance; if it does, the seller-lessee derecognizes the asset, recognizes the sale at the transaction price, and accounts for the leaseback under 842-20, while the buyer-lessor accounts for the purchase under other Topics and the lease under 842-30. If the transfer is not a sale (e.g., the leaseback is a finance/sales-type lease or there is a non-fair-value repurchase option), the transaction is a failed sale accounted for as a financing by both parties.

ASC 845-920 formerly provided nonmonetary-transaction guidance for broadcasters, principally barter transactions in which broadcasters exchanged advertising time for goods, services, or program material. Every substantive paragraph in the subtopic (Sections 05, 15, 25, and 30) was superseded by ASU 2014-09 (the revenue standard). As a result, the subtopic contains no remaining guidance, and barter/nonmonetary exchanges involving broadcasters are now analyzed under ASC 606 (with noncash consideration measured at fair value) and the general nonmonetary guidance in ASC 845-10.

ASC 845-926 was the industry-specific guidance applying nonmonetary-exchange principles to film entities (e.g., barter or exchange transactions involving film licensing rights). Every remaining paragraph in the subtopic — the overview (845-926-05-1), scope (845-926-15-1), and recognition (845-926-25-1) guidance — was superseded by ASU 2014-09, the revenue recognition standard. As a result, the subtopic contains no operative guidance; exchanges of film rights for consideration other than cash are now analyzed under ASC 606 (and related film cost guidance in ASC 926).

ASC 845-985 formerly provided industry guidance on nonmonetary (barter) exchanges involving software, principally software revenue recognition in exchanges of software products or licenses. Every paragraph in this subtopic — scope, recognition, and implementation guidance — was superseded by ASU 2014-09 (Revenue from Contracts with Customers). The subtopic therefore contains no operative guidance; nonmonetary consideration in software arrangements is now addressed under ASC 606 (noncash consideration) and general nonmonetary guidance in ASC 845-10.

ASC 853-10 governs how an operating entity accounts for a service concession arrangement — a contract in which a public-sector grantor engages the operating entity to operate (and possibly construct, upgrade, or maintain) the grantor's infrastructure, such as airports, roads, bridges, prisons, or hospitals. The arrangement is in scope only if the grantor controls or can modify/approve the services, the recipients, and the price, and controls any residual interest in the infrastructure at the end of the term (853-10-15-3). In scope, the grantor is always deemed the customer of the operation services under Topic 606, the infrastructure is not recognized as the operating entity's PP&E, and the arrangement is not a lease under Topic 842 (853-10-25-1 through 25-2).

ASC 905-10 is the Overall subtopic of the Agriculture Topic, setting out the background and scope for industry-specific accounting by agricultural producers, agricultural cooperatives, and patrons of those cooperatives. The Topic's guidance is organized into three Subsections—General, Cooperatives, and Cooperatives—Patrons—and provides only incremental industry guidance, so entities must also apply all other applicable GAAP (905-10-15-1). It covers inventories of agricultural producers and development costs of land, trees and vines, intermediate-life plants, and animals (905-10-15-5), but excludes timber growers, tropical pineapple and sugarcane growers, raisers of animals for competitive sports, and merchants/noncooperative processors (905-10-15-4).

ASC 908-10 is the Overall subtopic of the Airlines industry Topic; it lists the industry Subtopics (segment reporting, inventory, takeoff and landing slots, PP&E, compensation, other expenses, nonmonetary transactions) and describes the operating and accounting characteristics that make airlines distinctive. Its only substantive rule is scope: Topic 908 supplies incremental industry-specific guidance for airline entities, which must still comply with all other applicable GAAP (908-10-15-1). Background paragraphs highlight the complex revenue cycle (advance ticket sales, third-party sellers, refundable/exchangeable tickets), mobile flight equipment, maintenance programs, and flight-crew compensation.

ASC 910-10 is the Overall subtopic of the Contractors—Construction Topic, providing incremental industry-specific guidance for entities that perform construction-type contracts (work built or improved on tangible property to a customer's specifications, usually at the customer's job site under a unique, bid or negotiated contract). Most of its former revenue guidance was superseded by ASU 2014-09, so revenue recognition now follows Topic 606; what remains addresses small-tool depreciation, classification of retainages, proportionate gross presentation for construction joint ventures, and industry disclosures. Entities in scope must also comply with all other applicable GAAP not addressed here (910-10-15-1).

ASC 912-10 is the Overall subtopic of the Contractors—Federal Government Topic, which layers incremental industry guidance on top of otherwise applicable GAAP for entities doing business with the U.S. federal government. It explains that the federal customer is a sovereign that procures under statutes and regulations governing contractor selection, monitoring, and payment, creating risks not present in commercial dealings. Its scope covers all entities with federal government contracts, specifically cost-plus-fixed-fee contracts and fixed-price war and defense supply contracts terminated for the convenience of the government.

ASC 924-10 is the Overall subtopic of the Entertainment—Casinos Topic, which collects the accounting and reporting standards unique to the gaming industry. It provides incremental, industry-specific guidance on gaming chips, promotional allowances, base jackpots, slot machines, income taxes, and geographic segment disclosure. Casinos must still apply all other generally applicable GAAP; this Topic only supplements it.

ASC 928-10 is the overview and scope subtopic for accounting by entities in the record and music industry. It flags the topics covered elsewhere in ASC 928 — licensing of music copyrights and record masters, artist compensation costs (including royalties paid to recording artists), costs of producing record masters, and licensees' accounting for fees and minimum guarantees. The guidance is incremental industry-specific guidance only; entities in scope must still follow all other applicable GAAP.

ASC 940-20 governs specific broker-dealer activities, organized into General (commissions, soft-dollar arrangements, mutual fund distribution fees, agency transactions, financial presentation), Clearing (fails, due bills, suspense accounts, trading errors), and Underwriting Subsections. Its core rules are that agency transactions stay off the broker-dealer's statement of financial condition unless they fail to settle on the contracted settlement date, commission income is recognized under Topic 606 while related expenses accrue on trade date, and fails-to-deliver/fails-to-receive are recorded at selling/purchase price including accrued interest.

ASC 952-10 provides incremental, industry-specific accounting and reporting guidance for franchisors — the parties that grant business rights (the franchise) to franchisees. After ASU 2014-09 removed the old franchise revenue recognition rules (now handled under ASC 606 and 340-40), what remains is chiefly guidance on franchising costs, presentation of franchisor-owned versus franchised outlet costs, and outlet/commitment disclosures. Franchisors must also apply all other applicable GAAP not contained in this Topic.

ASC 976-10 is the Overall subtopic of the Real Estate—Retail Land Topic, which provides incremental industry-specific guidance for retail land sales — high-volume sales of lots subdivided from large tracts of land, characterized by very small down payments and a sales contract or buyer's note for the balance. It defines the scope of the Topic (entities selling such lots on a volume basis where the note could not be sold to a bank without substantial discount and the seller cannot enforce against the buyer's general credit) and lists the transactions excluded from that scope. Entities in scope must also apply all other applicable GAAP not contained in this Topic.

ASC 978-10 is the Overall subtopic for real estate time-sharing activities, describing the scope of the industry guidance and the transaction structures it covers. It applies to all entities that sell real estate time-share interests — fee simple sales, sales where title remains with or reverts to the seller, and reseller transactions — but not to time-sharing in other long-lived assets like cruise ships or corporate jets. It also supplies the tests for determining what constitutes real estate (including integral equipment) and requires that each phase of a time-share project be delineated at the outset and accounted for separately.